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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/46739
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Endocrine regulation of human fetal growth: The role of the mother placenta and fetus |
Author: | Murphy, V. Smith, R. Giles, W. Clifton, V. |
Citation: | Endocrine Reviews, 2006; 27(2):141-169 |
Publisher: | Endocrine Soc |
Issue Date: | 2006 |
ISSN: | 0163-769X 0163-769X |
Statement of Responsibility: | Vanessa E. Murphy, Roger Smith, Warwick B. Giles and Vicki L. Clifton |
Abstract: | The environment in which the fetus develops is critical for its survival and long-term health. The regulation of normal human fetal growth involves many multidirectional interactions between the mother, placenta, and fetus. The mother supplies nutrients and oxygen to the fetus via the placenta. The fetus influences the provision of maternal nutrients via the placental production of hormones that regulate maternal metabolism. The placenta is the site of exchange between mother and fetus and regulates fetal growth via the production and metabolism of growth-regulating hormones such as IGFs and glucocorticoids. Adequate trophoblast invasion in early pregnancy and increased uteroplacental blood flow ensure sufficient growth of the uterus, placenta, and fetus. The placenta may respond to fetal endocrine signals to increase transport of maternal nutrients by growth of the placenta, by activation of transport systems, and by production of placental hormones to influence maternal physiology and even behavior. There are consequences of poor fetal growth both in the short term and long term, in the form of increased mortality and morbidity. Endocrine regulation of fetal growth involves interactions between the mother, placenta, and fetus, and these effects may program long-term physiology. |
Keywords: | Fetus Placenta Animals Mice, Knockout Humans Mice Respiratory Tract Diseases Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Hypertension Birth Weight Hormones 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases Somatomedins Glucocorticoids Fetal Development Gestational Age Pregnancy Placental Circulation Maternal Welfare Female Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Metabolic Syndrome |
Description: | © 2006 by The Endocrine Society |
DOI: | 10.1210/er.2005-0011 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2005-0011 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 6 Obstetrics and Gynaecology publications |
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