GPS anti-spoofing techniques for smart grid applications

Abstract

This paper proposes a simple anti-spoofing technique applicable to timing receivers in smart grid applications. The likelihood of spoofing at each timing receiver is determined based on the direction of arrival (DOA) of the GPS signals. If they all come from one direction a spoofer is deemed more likely. The DOA of the spoofer is determined from the power ratio of the GPS signals on two antennas with dissimilar radiation patterns. Experimental results for both a spoofed and non-spoofed scenario are presented to verify the technique. An overall framework that applies to a network of PMUs is also introduced which combinesGPS anti-spoofing techniques in the physical layer within each PMU with a trustworthiness framework in the signal processing layer. This allows evidences from both layers to be combined to improve the performance of anti-spoofing.