Lithium vanadium phosphate as cathode material for lithium ion batteries

Abstract

Lithium vanadium phosphate (Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃) has been extensively studied because of its application as a cathode material in rechargeable lithium ion batteries due to its attractive electrochemical properties, including high specific energy, high working voltage, good cycle stability, and low price. In this review, the preparation of technology, structure, Li⁺ insertion/extraction mechanism, and electrochemical properties of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ are introduced, and with particular focus on the relationship of these topics each other. The synthetic techniques of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃, such as high-temperature solid-state method, sol–gel method, hydrothermal method, etc. And progress of techniques in modification, such as coating and elemental doping, is reviewed. Finally, the directions for further development and prospective applications for the material are proposed.