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Mechanistic examination of walnuts in prevention of breast cancer

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dc.contributor.authorHeuvel, J.
dc.contributor.authorBelda, B.
dc.contributor.authorHannon, D.
dc.contributor.authorKris-Etherton, P.
dc.contributor.authorGrieger, J.
dc.contributor.authorZhang, J.
dc.contributor.authorThompson, J.
dc.date.issued2012
dc.description.abstractWalnuts contain bioactive molecules that may contribute to their beneficial effects, including alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and phytosterols. In these studies, extracts of walnut, purified compounds, or postprandial serum were examined for effects on breast cancer cell proliferation and gene expression. Extracts derived from walnut oil decreased proliferation of MCF-7 cells, as did ALA and β-sitosterol. The gene expression response of ALA in the mouse breast cancer cell line TM2H indicates this molecule has multiple cellular targets with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) target genes, liver X receptor (LXR), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) target genes being affected. In transactivation assays, walnut oil extracts increased activity of FXR to a greater extent than the other tested nuclear receptors. When examined separately, walnut components ALA and β-sitosterol were the most efficacious activators of FXR. When serum from individuals fed walnut components were applied to MCF-7 cells, there was a correlation between body mass index and breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Taken together, these data support an effect of walnut and its bioactive constituents on mammary epithelial cells and that multiple molecular targets may be involved.
dc.identifier.citationNutrition and Cancer, 2012; 64(7):1078-1086
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/01635581.2012.717679
dc.identifier.issn0163-5581
dc.identifier.issn1532-7914
dc.identifier.orcidGrieger, J. [0000-0003-1515-948X]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11541.2/121302
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
dc.relation.fundingAmerican Institute for Cancer Research
dc.relation.fundingCalifornia Walnut Commission
dc.rightsCopyright 2012, Taylor & Francis Group
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2012.717679
dc.subject3T3 Cells
dc.subjectEpithelial Cells
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectMice
dc.subjectJuglans
dc.subjectNuts
dc.subjectBreast Neoplasms
dc.subjectSitosterols
dc.subjectalpha-Linolenic Acid
dc.subjectPlant Oils
dc.subjectReceptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
dc.subjectPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
dc.subjectPlant Extracts
dc.subjectAnticarcinogenic Agents
dc.subjectChemoprevention
dc.subjectCell Proliferation
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectOrphan Nuclear Receptors
dc.subjectReal-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
dc.subjectMCF-7 Cells
dc.subjectLiver X Receptors
dc.titleMechanistic examination of walnuts in prevention of breast cancer
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished
ror.mmsid9916027300401831

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