Identifying genetic traces of historical expansions: Phoenician footprints in the Mediterranean

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dc.contributor.authorZalloua, P.
dc.contributor.authorPlatt, D.
dc.contributor.authorEl Sibai, M.
dc.contributor.authorKhalife, J.
dc.contributor.authorMakhoul, N.
dc.contributor.authorHaber, M.
dc.contributor.authorXue, Y.
dc.contributor.authorIzaabel, H.
dc.contributor.authorBosch, E.
dc.contributor.authorAdams, S.
dc.contributor.authorArroyo, E.
dc.contributor.authorLopez-Parra, A.
dc.contributor.authorAler, M.
dc.contributor.authorPicornell, A.
dc.contributor.authorRamon, M.
dc.contributor.authorJobling, M.
dc.contributor.authorComas, D.
dc.contributor.authorBertranpetit, J.
dc.contributor.authorSpencer Wells, R.
dc.contributor.authorTyler-Smith, C.
dc.contributor.authoret al.
dc.contributor.otherCooper, Alan
dc.date.issued2008
dc.descriptionCopyright © 2008 by The American Society of Human Genetics. All rights reserved. University of Adelaide consortium member: Alan Cooper
dc.description.abstractThe Phoenicians were the dominant traders in the Mediterranean Sea two thousand to three thousand years ago and expanded from their homeland in the Levant to establish colonies and trading posts throughout the Mediterranean, but then they disappeared from history. We wished to identify their male genetic traces in modern populations. Therefore, we chose Phoenician-influenced sites on the basis of well-documented historical records and collected new Y-chromosomal data from 1330 men from six such sites, as well as comparative data from the literature. We then developed an analytical strategy to distinguish between lineages specifically associated with the Phoenicians and those spread by geographically similar but historically distinct events, such as the Neolithic, Greek, and Jewish expansions. This involved comparing historically documented Phoenician sites with neighboring non-Phoenician sites for the identification of weak but systematic signatures shared by the Phoenician sites that could not readily be explained by chance or by other expansions. From these comparisons, we found that haplogroup J2, in general, and six Y-STR haplotypes, in particular, exhibited a Phoenician signature that contributed > 6% to the modern Phoenician-influenced populations examined. Our methodology can be applied to any historically documented expansion in which contact and noncontact sites can be identified.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityPierre A. Zalloua, Daniel E. Platt, Mirvat El Sibai, Jade Khalife, Nadine Makhoul, Marc Haber, Yali Xue, Hassan Izaabel, Elena Bosch, Susan M. Adams, Eduardo Arroyo, Ana María López-Parra, Mercedes Aler, Antònia Picornell, Misericordia Ramon, Mark A. Jobling, David Comas, Jaume Bertranpetit, R. Spencer Wells, Chris Tyler-Smith and The Genographic Consortium
dc.identifier.citationAmerican Journal of Human Genetics, 2008; 83(5):633-642
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.012
dc.identifier.issn0002-9297
dc.identifier.issn1537-6605
dc.identifier.orcidCooper, A. [0000-0002-7738-7851]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/50853
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherUniv Chicago Press
dc.relation.grant057559
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.012
dc.subjectGenographic Consortium
dc.subjectChromosomes, Human, Y
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectGenetics, Population
dc.subjectPopulation Dynamics
dc.subjectEmigration and Immigration
dc.subjectGene Frequency
dc.subjectHaplotypes
dc.subjectPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide
dc.subjectAlleles
dc.subjectGeography
dc.subjectHistory, Ancient
dc.subjectMediterranean Sea
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectEthnicity
dc.titleIdentifying genetic traces of historical expansions: Phoenician footprints in the Mediterranean
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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