Xylomelum occidentale (Proteaceae) accesses relatively mobile soil organic phosphorus without releasing carboxylates

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dc.contributor.authorZhong, H.
dc.contributor.authorZhou, J.
dc.contributor.authorAzmi, A.
dc.contributor.authorArruda, A.J.
dc.contributor.authorDoolette, A.L.
dc.contributor.authorSmernik, R.J.
dc.contributor.authorLambers, H.
dc.contributor.editorGibson, D.
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstract1. Hundreds of Proteaceae species in Australia and South Africa typically grow on phosphorus (P)-impoverished soils, exhibiting a carboxylate-releasing P-mobilizing strategy. In the Southwest Australian Biodiversity Hotspot, two Xylomelum (Proteaceae) species are widely distributed, but restricted within that distribution. 2. We grew Xylomelum occidentale in hydroponics at 1 μM P. Leaves, seeds, rhizosheath and bulk soil were collected in natural habitats. 3. Xylomelum occidentale did not produce functional cluster roots and occupied soils that are somewhat less P-impoverished than those in typical Proteaceae habitats in the region. Based on measurements of foliar manganese concentrations (a proxy for rhizosphere carboxylate concentrations) and P fractions in bulk and rhizosheath soil, we conclude that X. occidentale accesses organic P, without releasing carboxylates. Solution 31P-NMR spectroscopy revealed which organic P forms X. occidentale accessed. 4. Xylomelum occidentale uses a strategy that differs fundamentally from that t ypical in Proteaceae, accessing soil organic P without carboxylates. We surmise that this novel strategy is likely expressed also in co-occurring non-Proteaceae that lack a carboxylate- exuding strategy. These co-occurring species are unlikely to benefit from mycorrhizal associations, because plant-available soil P concentrations are too low. 5. Synthesis. Our findings show the first field evidence of effectively utilizing soil organic P by X. occidentale without carboxylate exudation and explain their relatively restricted distribution in an old P-impoverished landscape, contributing to a better understanding of how diverse P-acquisition strategies coexist in a megadiverse ecosystem.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityHongtao Zhong, Jun Zhou, Azrul Azmi, André J. Arruda, Ashlea L. Doolette, Ronald J. Smernik, Hans Lambers
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Ecology, 2021; 109(1):246-259
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/1365-2745.13468
dc.identifier.issn0022-0477
dc.identifier.issn1365-2745
dc.identifier.orcidDoolette, A.L. [0000-0002-7504-9920]
dc.identifier.orcidSmernik, R.J. [0000-0001-6033-5855]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/128545
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherBritish Ecological Society; Wiley
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP140100148
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP130100005
dc.rights2020 British Ecological Society
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13468
dc.subjectCarboxylates; ecophysiology; manganese; phosphatases; Proteaceae; soil organic P; solution ³¹P-NMR; Xylomelum
dc.titleXylomelum occidentale (Proteaceae) accesses relatively mobile soil organic phosphorus without releasing carboxylates
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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