Resurrecting the Ancestral Steroid Receptor: Ancient Origin of Estrogen Signaling

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dc.contributor.authorThornton, J.
dc.contributor.authorNeed, E.
dc.contributor.authorCrews, D.
dc.date.issued2003
dc.description© 2003 American Association for the Advancement of Science.
dc.description.abstractReceptors for sex and adrenal steroid hormones are absent from fully sequenced invertebrate genomes and have not been recovered from other invertebrates. Here we report the isolation of an estrogen receptor ortholog from the mollusk Aplysia californica and the reconstruction, synthesis, and experimental characterization of functional domains of the ancestral protein from which all extant steroid receptors (SRs) evolved. Our findings indicate that SRs are extremely ancient and widespread, having diversified from a primordial gene before the origin of bilaterally symmetric animals, and that this ancient receptor had estrogen receptor–like functionality. This gene was lost in the lineage leading to arthropods and nematodes and became independent of hormone regulation in the Aplysia lineage
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityJoseph W. Thornton, Eleanor Need and David Crews
dc.identifier.citationScience, 2003; 301([5640]):1714-1717
dc.identifier.doi10.1126/science.1086185
dc.identifier.issn0036-8075
dc.identifier.issn1095-9203
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/46706
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAmer Assoc Advancement Science
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1126/science.1086185
dc.subjectCHO Cells
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectAplysia
dc.subjectSteroids
dc.subjectReceptors, Steroid
dc.subjectReceptors, Estrogen
dc.subjectRecombinant Fusion Proteins
dc.subjectDNA
dc.subjectEstrogens
dc.subjectLigands
dc.subjectLikelihood Functions
dc.subjectCloning, Molecular
dc.subjectTransfection
dc.subjectPolymerase Chain Reaction
dc.subjectEvolution, Molecular
dc.subjectPhylogeny
dc.subjectSignal Transduction
dc.subjectTranscription, Genetic
dc.subjectGene Duplication
dc.subjectAmino Acid Sequence
dc.subjectProtein Structure, Tertiary
dc.subjectMutation
dc.subjectMolecular Sequence Data
dc.subjectCricetinae
dc.subjectBiological Evolution
dc.titleResurrecting the Ancestral Steroid Receptor: Ancient Origin of Estrogen Signaling
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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