Analysis of nitrous oxide emissions from aerobic granular sludge treating high saline municipal wastewater
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Date
2021
Authors
Thwaites, B.J.
Stuetz, R.
Short, M.
Reeve, P.
Alvarez-Gaitan, J.P.
Dinesh, N.
Philips, R.
van den Akker, B.
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Journal article
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Science of the Total Environment, 2021; 756(143653)
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Abstract
Conventional activated sludge (CAS)-based wastewater treatment processes have the potential to emit high concentrations of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) during nitrification and denitrification, which can significantly impact the environmental performance and carbon footprint of wastewater treatment operations. While N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from CAS have been extensively studied, there is little knowledge of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) which is now an increasingly popular secondary treatment alternative. The N<sub>2</sub>O emissions performance of AGS needs to be investigated to ensure that the positive benefits of AGS, such as increased capacity and stable nutrient removal, are not offset by higher emissions. This study quantified N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from a pilot-scale AGS reactor operated under a range of organic loading rates. A second CAS pilot plant was operated in parallel and under identical loading rates to allow for side-by-side comparison of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from floc-based activated sludge. Under low loadings of <0.6 kg COD/m<sup>3</sup>/d the N<sub>2</sub>O emission factor from AGS and CAS were similar, at around 1.46 ± 0.1% g N<sub>2</sub>Oemitted/g ammonium loaded. A step increase in the organic loading rate increased N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from AGS more so than CAS which appeared to be attributed to the reactor feeding strategy that was required for AGS formation. The use of a separate anaerobic feeding phase which was followed by the aeration phase, resulted in extended periods of low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations combined with an initial high biomass ammonium loading rate, which favours N<sub>2</sub>O production and was exacerbated at higher organic loads. Conversely, the combined feeding plus aeration operation (aerobic feed) employed by the CAS system enabled a more even biomass ammonium loading rate and DO supply. This work has shown that while AGS has many operational benefits, the impacts that aeration profile, loading rate and feeding strategy have on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions must be considered.
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Data source: Supplementary data, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143653
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Copyright 2020 Elsevier
Access Condition Notes: Accepted manuscript available on open access