Opposing Effects of Prior Infection versus Prior Vaccination on Vaccine Immunogenicity against Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses

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dc.contributor.authorFox, A.
dc.contributor.authorCarolan, L.
dc.contributor.authorLeung, V.
dc.contributor.authorPhuong, H.V.M.
dc.contributor.authorKhvorov, A.
dc.contributor.authorAuladell, M.
dc.contributor.authorTseng, Y.Y.
dc.contributor.authorThai, P.Q.
dc.contributor.authorBarr, I.
dc.contributor.authorSubbarao, K.
dc.contributor.authorMai, L.T.Q.
dc.contributor.authorvan Doorn, H.R.
dc.contributor.authorSullivan, S.G.
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractPrior vaccination can alternately enhance or attenuate influenza vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness. Analogously, we found that vaccine immunogenicity was enhanced by prior A(H3N2) virus infection among participants of the Ha Nam Cohort, Viet Nam, but was attenuated by prior vaccination among Australian Health Care Workers (HCWs) vaccinated in the same year. Here, we combined these studies to directly compare antibody titers against 35 A(H3N2) viruses spanning 1968–2018. Participants received licensed inactivated vaccines containing A/HongKong/4801/2014 (H3N2). The analysis was limited to participants aged 18–65 Y, and compared those exposed to A(H3N2) viruses circulating since 2009 by infection (Ha Nam) or vaccination (HCWs) to a reference group who had no recent A(H3N2) infection or vaccination (Ha Nam). Antibody responses were compared by fitting titer/titer-rise landscapes across strains, and by estimating titer ratios to the reference group of 2009–2018 viruses. Pre-vaccination, titers were lowest against 2009–2014 viruses among the reference (no recent exposure) group. Post-vaccination, titers were, on average, two-fold higher among participants with prior infection and two-fold lower among participants with 3–5 prior vaccinations compared to the reference group. Titer rise was negligible among participants with 3–5 prior vaccinations, poor among participants with 1–2 prior vaccinations, and equivalent or better among those with prior infection compared to the reference group. The enhancing effect of prior infection versus the incrementally attenuating effect of prior vaccinations suggests that these exposures may alternately promote and constrain the generation of memory that can be recalled by a new vaccine strain.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityAnnette Fox, Louise Carolan, Vivian Leung, Hoang Vu Mai Phuong, Arseniy Khvorov, Maria Auladell, Yeu-Yang Tseng, Pham Quang Thai, Ian Barr, Kanta Subbarao, Le Thi Quynh Mai, H. Rogier van Doorn, and Sheena G. Sullivan
dc.identifier.citationViruses, 2022; 14(3):470-1-470-15
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/v14030470
dc.identifier.issn1999-4915
dc.identifier.issn1999-4915
dc.identifier.orcidSullivan, S.G. [0000-0002-0856-0294]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/134924
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1103367
dc.rights© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/v14030470
dc.subjectinfluenza; vaccination; infection; immunogenicity; antibodies; pre-existing; immunity; memory
dc.titleOpposing Effects of Prior Infection versus Prior Vaccination on Vaccine Immunogenicity against Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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