The difference between hazard and risk in the relation between bone density and fracture
Date
2007
Authors
Nordin, B.
Baghurst, P.
Metcalfe, A.
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Journal article
Citation
Calcified Tissue International, 2007; 80(6):349-352
Statement of Responsibility
B. E. Christopher Nordin, Peter A. Baghurst and Andrew Metcalfe
Conference Name
Abstract
The relation between fracture risk and bone density is frequently defined in terms of a relative hazard derived from the Cox proportional hazards model. The relative hazard is a multiplicative factor representing the rise in hazard for each standard deviation fall in bone mineral density, which has a typical value of about 1.5. It is not generally appreciated that this hazard may only be equated with absolute risk when risk is very low; at higher risk and over long periods, it is inappropriate to apply a multiplicative factor to absolute risk because risk has a range of 0-1 and cannot exceed unity. Here, we show how “hazard” can be converted to risk and how misleading the current practice of equating relative hazards with relative risks can be.
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Description
The original publication can be found at www.springerlink.com