The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 increases mitral cell excitability by decreasing conductance of a voltage-dependent potassium channel

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dc.contributor.authorThiebaud, N.
dc.contributor.authorLlewellyn-Smith, I.J.
dc.contributor.authorGribble, F.
dc.contributor.authorReimann, F.
dc.contributor.authorTrapp, S.
dc.contributor.authorFadool, D.A.
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractThe gut hormone called glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a strong moderator of energy homeostasis and communication between the peripheral organs and the brain. GLP-1 signalling occurs in the brain; using a newly developed genetic reporter line of mice, we have discovered GLP-synthesizing cells in the olfactory bulb. GLP-1 increases the firing frequency of neurons (mitral cells) that encode olfactory information by decreasing activity of voltage-dependent K channels (Kv1.3). Modifying GLP-1 levels, either therapeutically or following the ingestion of food, could alter the excitability of neurons in the olfactory bulb in a nutrition or energy state-dependent manner to influence olfactory detection or metabolic sensing. The results of the present study uncover a new function for an olfactory bulb neuron (deep short axon cells, Cajal cells) that could be capable of modifying mitral cell activity through the release of GLP-1. This might be of relevance for the action of GLP-1 mimetics now widely used in the treatment of diabetes.The olfactory system is intricately linked with the endocrine system where it may serve as a detector of the internal metabolic state or energy homeostasis in addition to its classical function as a sensor of external olfactory information. The recent development of transgenic mGLU-yellow fluorescent protein mice that express a genetic reporter under the control of the preproglucagon reporter suggested the presence of the gut hormone, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), in deep short axon cells (Cajal cells) of the olfactory bulb and its neuromodulatory effect on mitral cell (MC) first-order neurons. A MC target for the peptide was determined using GLP-1 receptor binding assays, immunocytochemistry for the receptor and injection of fluorescence-labelled GLP-1 analogue exendin-4. Using patch clamp recording of olfactory bulb slices in the whole-cell configuration, we report that GLP-1 and its stable analogue exendin-4 increase the action potential firing frequency of MCs by decreasing the interburst interval rather than modifying the action potential shape, train length or interspike interval. GLP-1 decreases Kv1.3 channel contribution to outward currents in voltage clamp recordings as determined by pharmacological blockade of Kv1.3 or utilizing mice with Kv1.3 gene-targeted deletion as a negative control. Because fluctuations in GLP-1 concentrations monitored by the olfactory bulb can modify the firing frequency of MCs, olfactory coding could change depending upon nutritional or physiological state. As a regulator of neuronal activity, GLP-1 or its analogue may comprise a new metabolic factor with a potential therapeutic target in the olfactory bulb (i.e. via intranasal delivery) for controlling an imbalance in energy homeostasis.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityNicolas Thiebaud, Ida J. Llewellyn‐Smith, Fiona Gribble, Frank Reimann, Stefan Trapp, Debra Ann Fadool
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Physiology, 2016; 594(10):2607-2628
dc.identifier.doi10.1113/JP272322
dc.identifier.issn0022-3751
dc.identifier.issn1469-7793
dc.identifier.orcidLlewellyn-Smith, I.J. [0000-0003-4269-6846]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/124397
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1025031
dc.rights© 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1113/jp272322
dc.subjectGlucagon-Like Peptide 1
dc.titleThe incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 increases mitral cell excitability by decreasing conductance of a voltage-dependent potassium channel
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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