Reduction in circulating bile acid and restricted diffusion across the intestinal epithelium are associated with a decrease in blood cholesterol in the presence of oat β-glucan
Date
2016
Authors
Gunness, P.
Michiels, J.
Vanhaecke, L.
De Smet, S.
Kravchuk, O.
Van De Meene, A.
Gidley, M.
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Journal article
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The FASEB Journal, 2016; 30(12):4227-4238
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Purnima Gunness, Joris Michiels, Lynn Vanhaecke, Stefaan De Smet, Olena Kravchuk, Allison Van de Meene and Michael J. Gidley
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Abstract
Although oat (1,3:1,4)-β-glucan (BG) has been shown to decrease blood cholesterol in intervention trials, the detailed mechanism is not yet defined, but restricted reabsorption of bile acids (BAs) has been hypothesized. Using pigs as a model for humans we demonstrated that, compared to the control, BG added to the diet for 26 d caused decreases of 24% in blood total BAs (TBAs), 34% in total cholesterol (TC), and 57% in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (P < 0.01); decreases of 20% TBA in the midjejunum and terminal ileum (P < 0.01); increases of 80% in cecal total neutral sterols (TNSs) including cholesterol (P < 0.01); a 50% reduction in BA active transport across ex vivo ileum after 40 min (P < 0.001); and 32% decrease in jejunal microvilli heights with apparent increased goblet cell activity. The results suggest that BG not only physically hinders the active reabsorption of BAs and uptake of cholesterol, but also changes the BAs profile with lower circulating levels without excess excretion in the feces, thus resulting in reduced blood TC and LDL-C. Fermentation of sterols reaching the colon enhanced production of therapeutic ursodeoxycholic acid, suppressed toxic lithocholic acid, and decreased the possibility of cholesterol absorption by transforming the latter into coprostanol, a nonabsorbable NS.-Gunness, P., Michiels, J., Vanhaecke, L., De Smet, S., Kravchuk, O., Van de Meene, A., Gidley, M. J. Reduction in circulating bile acid and restricted diffusion across the intestinal epithelium are associated with a decrease in blood cholesterol in the presence of oat β-glucan.
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© FASEB