The influence of the 73 ka Toba super-eruption on the ecosystems of northern Sumatra as recorded in marine core BAR94-25
Date
2012
Authors
van der Kaars, S.
Williams, M.
Bassinot, F.
Guichard, F.
Moreno, E.
Dewilde, F.
Cook, E.
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Journal article
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Quaternary International, 2012; 258:45-53
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Sander van der Kaars, Martin A.J. Williams, Franck Bassinot, François Guichard, Eva Moreno, Fabien Dewilde, Ellyn J. Cook
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Abstract
Examination of pollen content and geochemical analysis of marine core BAR94-25 taken from ~100 km north-west of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea reveals a ~100,000 year record of environmental change as well as the influence of the Toba super-eruption at ~73,000 years ago on the ecosystems of northern Sumatra. The record also contains an older volcanic ash dated to ~89,000 years ago, allowing a comparison of the effects of two eruptions on the local environments of the island. The immediate effects of the older eruption on the ecosystem of northern Sumatra were limited, though a gradual and substantial increase in pine forest likely followed the event in the longer term. The Toba super-eruption at ~73,000 years ago, however, had an instantaneous and devastating effect on the pine forests of northern Sumatra. Evidence for impacts of this super-eruption at ~73,000 years ago on regional climatic conditions remains inconclusive. Climatic changes inferred from the pollen record or estimated via pollen transfer functions date to a few thousand years after the eruption, or are clearly linked to long-term climatic trends initiated a few thousand years before. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.
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© 2011 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.