Ion gradients in xylem exudate and guttation fluid related to tissue ion levels along primary leaves of barley
Date
2013
Authors
Nagai, M.
Ohnishi, M.
Uehara, T.
Yamagami, M.
Miura, E.
Kamakura, M.
Kitamura, A.
Sakaguchi, S.
Sakamoto, W.
Shimmen, T.
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Journal article
Citation
Plant, Cell and Environment, 2013; 36(10):1826-1837
Statement of Responsibility
Makiko Nagai, Miwa Ohnishi, Takeo Uehara, Mutsumi Yamagami, Eiko Miura, Mai Kamakura, Akira Kitamura, Shu-Ichi Sakaguchi, Wataru Sakamoto, Teruo Shimmen, Hidehiro Fukaki, Robert J. Reid, Akio Furukawa, and Tetsuro Mimura
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Abstract
The concentration of ions in plant cells and tissues is an essential factor in determining physiological function. In the present study, we established that concentration gradients of mobile ions exist in both xylem exudates and tissues within a barley (Hordeum vulgare) primary leaf. For K(+) and NO3 (-) , ion concentrations generally decreased from the leaf base to the tip in both xylem exudates and tissues. Ion gradients were also found for Pi and Cl(-) in the xylem. The hydathode strongly absorbed Pi and re-translocated it to the rest of the plant, whereas Cl(-) was extruded. The ion concentration gradients developed early during leaf growth, increased as the tissue aged and remained under both high and low transpiration conditions. Measurement of the expression profiles of Pi, K(+) and NO3 (-) transporters along the longitudinal axis of the leaf revealed that some transporters are more expressed at the hydathode, but for most transporters, there was no significant variation along the leaf. The mechanisms by which longitudinal ion gradients develop in leaves and their physiological functions are discussed.
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© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd