Challenges in prevention and management of Tuberculosis
Date
2023
Authors
Seid, M.A.
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Rezaei, N.
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Book chapter
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Source details - Title: Tuberculosis : Integrated Studies for a Complex Disease, 2023 / Rezaei, N. (ed./s), vol.11, pp.647-655
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious and deadliest infectious disease that remains a threat to human health worldwide. Even though the World Health Organization (WHO) aims to eradicate TB by 2050, TB elimination rates are not as expected globally. The spread of drug-resistant (DR) TB and its association with HIV/AIDS make it difficult to control TB in low and middle-income countries. TB control strategies include finding TB cases, contact tracing, treating the case, and preventing transmission.
Delay in diagnosis and poor infection control practices are still major challenges of TB control and prevention. The migrants from high-TB burden countries are considered a new epidemiological source of TB infection, resulting in a big challenge for TB care and control. Detention centers have also facilitated the transmission of TB and the development of DR-TB. Therefore, TB control actions should be conducted considering prisons. Another challenge in TB control is getting an effective vaccine.
It is now clear that the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine cannot fully arrest the global TB epidemic. A new vaccine is required to replace or boost the existing vaccine for the better control of TB. For the urgency of TB elimination, multiple stakeholders should also collaborate for the comprehensiveness and correctness of care for TB patients. Furthermore, a strong commitment of all administrative authorities to support the development of highly effective vaccines will be required to decrease the incidence and disease burden globally as per the WHO target.
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Copyright 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG