Anabasineābased measurement of cigarette consumption using wastewater analysis
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Date
2020
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Bade, R.
White, J.M.
Tscharke, B.J.
Ghetia, M.
Abdelaziz, A.
Gerber, C.
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Drug Testing and Analysis, 2020; 12(9):1393-1398
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Abstract
Community tobacco use can be monitored over time using wastewaterābased epidemiological approaches by estimating mass loads of nicotine and its metabolites, cotinine or hydroxycotinine, in wastewater. However, due to the use of nicotine in smoking cessation products, other sources of nicotine contribute to cotinine and hydroxycotinine loads. Use of nicotine replacement therapies could vary in space and time and mask true rates of tobacco consumption. Therefore, this work evaluated the content of tobacco specific markers, anatabine and anabasine, in cigarettes, in urine of smokers, and in wastewater. Results indicated that the anabasine content in both licit and illicit cigarettes in Australia is less variable than anatabine and is therefore considered a better measure of tobacco consumption.
A study determining the excretion of tobaccoāspecific alkaloids of smoking and nonāsmoking volunteers gave an average urinary mass load of anabasine of 4.38 Ī¼g/L/person and a daily mass load of 1.13 Ī¼g/day/person. Finally, this was compared to mass loads of anabasine from wastewaterābased epidemiology data of 3 Ī¼g/day/person to estimate cigarette rates in a South Australian city: equivalent to 2.6 cigarettes/person/day. The rate of decline of cigarette use was greater when using anabasine as a measure of consumption compared to cotinine. This is the first study to estimate the rate of anabasine excretion, which can be used to estimate tobacco use independent of therapeutically prescribed nicotine.
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Data source: Supporting Information, https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2874
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This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Access Condition Notes: Accepted manuscript available after 1 July 2021