Enzyme responsive copolymer micelles enhance the anti-biofilm efficacy of the antiseptic chlorhexidine
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Date
2019
Authors
Al Bayaty, Y.N.
Thomas, N.
Jambhrunkar, M.
Al Hawwas, M.
Kral, A.
Thorn, C.R.
Prestidge, C.A.
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International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2019; 566:329-341
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Abstract
Staphylococcal biofilms cause many infectious diseases and are highly tolerant to the effects of antimicrobials;this is partly due to the biofilm matrix, which acts as a physical barrier retarding the penetration and reducing susceptibility to antimicrobials, thereby decreasing successful treatment outcomes. In this study, both single and mixed micellar systems based on poly vinyl caprolactam (PCL)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) copolymers were optimised for delivery of chlorhexidine (CHX) to S. aureus, MRSA and S. epidermidis biofilms and evaluated fortheir toxicity using Caenorhabditis elegans. The respective polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly vinyl caprolactam(PCL) structural components promoted stealth properties and enzymatic responsive release of CHX inside biofilms,leading to significantly enhanced penetration (56%) compared with free CHX and improving the efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms grown on an artificial dermis (2.4 log reduction of CFU). Mixing Soluplus-based micelles with Solutol further enhanced the CHX penetration (71%) and promoted maximumr eduction in biofilm biomass (> 60%). Nematodes-based toxicity assay showed micelles with no lethal effects as indicated by their high survival rate (100%) after 72 h exposure. This study thus demonstrated that bio-responsivecarriers can be designed to deliver a poorly water-soluble antimicrobial agent and advance the controlof biofilm associated infections.
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Copyright 2019 Elsevier
Access Condition Notes: Accepted manuscript available after 1 July 2020