Severe adverse reactions to dental local anaesthetics: prolonged mandibular and lingual nerve anaesthesia
Date
2011
Authors
Sambrook, P.
Goss, A.
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Journal article
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Australian Dental Journal, 2011; 56(2):154-159
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PJ Sambrook, AN Goss
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Abstract
Background: Prolonged anaesthesia may occur following dental local anaesthetic blocks. This paper reviews the possible mechanisms of injury. Direct injury to the nerve by the needle, although commonly thought to be the mechanism, is unlikely. It is much more likely that the injury is from neurotoxicity and/or interference with the vascularization of the nerve. Methods: Estimation of the frequency of injury was complicated by the fact that although local anaesthetics are prescription-only (S4) drugs, they are supplied without prescription by dental supply houses. Unlike all other S4 drugs, there is no statutory requirement to record supply. The pharmaceutical and supply houses relied on that and ‘commercial confidentiality’ to not supply information. Results: An informed estimate of 1 in 27 415 was made but this figure has wide confidence limits. Management of cases of prolonged anaesthesia following local anaesthetic injection is discussed. Conclusions: Patients who suffer this uncommon complication suffer considerable distress and feel injured, so care must be exhibited in their management. Specialist referral is recommended.
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© 2011 Australian Dental Association