Interpregnancy intervals and adverse birth outcomes in high-income countries: an international cohort study

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dc.contributor.authorTessema, G.A.
dc.contributor.authorMarinovich, M.L.
dc.contributor.authorHåberg, S.E.
dc.contributor.authorGissler, M.
dc.contributor.authorMayo, J.A.
dc.contributor.authorNassar, N.
dc.contributor.authorBall, S.
dc.contributor.authorBetrán, A.P.
dc.contributor.authorGebremedhin, A.T.
dc.contributor.authorde Klerk, N.
dc.contributor.authorMagnus, M.C.
dc.contributor.authorMarston, C.
dc.contributor.authorRegan, A.K.
dc.contributor.authorShaw, G.M.
dc.contributor.authorPadula, A.M.
dc.contributor.authorPereira, G.
dc.contributor.editorLaganà, A.S.
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionPublished: July 19, 2021
dc.description.abstractBackground: Most evidence for interpregnancy interval (IPI) and adverse birth outcomes come from studies that are prone to incomplete control for confounders that vary between women. Comparing pregnancies to the same women can address this issue.Methods: We conducted an international longitudinal cohort study of 5,521,211 births to 3,849,193 women from Australia (1980–2016), Finland (1987–2017), Norway (1980–2016) and the United States (California) (1991–2012). IPI was calculated based on the time difference between two dates—the date of birth of the first pregnancy and the date of conception of the next (index) pregnancy. We estimated associations between IPI and preterm birth (PTB), spontaneous PTB, and small-for-gestational age births (SGA) using logistic regression (between-women analyses). We also used conditional logistic regression comparing IPIs and birth outcomes in the same women (within-women analyses). Random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Results: Compared to an IPI of 18–23 months, there was insufficient evidence for an association between IPI <6 months and overall PTB (aOR 1.08, 95% CI 0.99–1.18) and SGA (aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.81–1.19), but increased odds of spontaneous PTB (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.21–1.57) in the within-women analysis. We observed elevated odds of all birth outcomes associated with IPI ≥60 months. In comparison, between-women analyses showed elevated odds of adverse birth outcomes for <12 month and >24 month IPIs. Conclusions: We found consistently elevated odds of adverse birth outcomes following long IPIs. IPI shorter than 6 months were associated with elevated risk of spontaneous PTB, but there was insufficient evidence for increased risk of other adverse birth outcomes. Current recommendations of waiting at least 24 months to conceive after a previous pregnancy, may be unnecessarily long in high-income countries.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityGizachew A. Tessema, M. Luke Marinovich, Siri E. Håberg, Mika Gissler, Jonathan A. Mayo, Natasha Nassar ... et al.
dc.identifier.citationPLoS ONE, 2021; 16(7 July 2021):1-17
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0255000
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.orcidTessema, G.A. [0000-0002-4784-8151]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/131839
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherPUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1195716
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1138425
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1173991
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1067066
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1173991
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1099655
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1141510
dc.rightsThis is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255000
dc.titleInterpregnancy intervals and adverse birth outcomes in high-income countries: an international cohort study
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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