Improving mental health referral systems in rural Australia: co-design study with health professionals and consumers
Files
(Published version)
Date
2025
Authors
Bartel, K.
Siriwardene, A.M.
Worley, P.
Pearce, K.
Bidargaddi, N.
Patrickson, B.
Moody, S.
Wingard, S.
Jones, M.
McKenny, B.
Editors
Advisors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Type:
Journal article
Citation
JMIR Human Factors, 2025; 12(e73460):1-14
Statement of Responsibility
Conference Name
DOI
Abstract
Background: In rural Australia, geographical isolation, limited resources, and complex health care navigation create significant barriers to mental health care access. Mental health care professionals and organizations often work in segregation, exacerbating existing barriers. Digital technology provides an opportunity to improve communication between providers and streamline workflows while supporting a diverse range of consumers.
Objective: This co-design study aimed to identify rural community needs and explore digital solutions to enhance mental health service delivery pathways.
Methods: Using a design-thinking methodology, we conducted focus groups and workshops with 17 participants (7 consumers and caregivers and 10 health care professionals) from a rural region to understand mental health service needs, systemic challenges, and design potential digital solutions. Thematic analysis followed a grounded theory approach, involving systematic coding and theme development through an iterative consensus process.
Results: Access to mental health care emerged as the central theme. Rural community participants reported strong community connections but faced challenges, including limited technological innovation and substantial travel burdens. Health care professionals highlighted critical systemic pressures: underresourcing, overwhelmed clinicians with extensive waitlists, and complex referral processes. Both groups identified overlapping barriers in service limitations and system navigation. During the design phase, we developed personas capturing consumer and health care professional experiences and conceptualized an integrated digital solution comprising a health care professional dashboard and a consumer-facing app with caregiver access to enhance service coordination.
Conclusions: The study demonstrated strong stakeholder support for implementing an integrated digital solution to enhance rural mental health service delivery. Further research is required to build upon the solution prior to testing, optimizing, and scaling.
School/Discipline
Dissertation Note
Provenance
Description
Access Status
Rights
Copyright 2025 Kate Bartel, Asini Malinka Siriwardene, Paul Worley, Kim Pearce, Niranjan Bidargaddi, Bronwin Patrickson, SimonMoody, Sharon Wingard, Martin Jones, Brian McKenny, Darryl Cameron, Sharon Lawn, Amy E Mendham. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Access Condition Notes: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Human Factors, is properly cited.