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Complexities of coastal shark movements and their implications for management

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dc.contributor.authorSpeed, C.
dc.contributor.authorField, I.
dc.contributor.authorMeekan, M.
dc.contributor.authorBradshaw, C.
dc.date.issued2010
dc.description.abstractGlobal declines of shark populations are of concern because of their largely assumed role as moderators of ecosystem function. Without long-term data on movement patterns for many species, it is impossible to infer relative extinction risk, which varies as a function of range, dispersal and habitat specificity and use. The past 50 yr of research on coastal sharks has revealed common movement patterns among species. In the horizontal plane, measured home range size generally increases with body size. We demonstrate meta-analytically the effects of increasing body size and monitoring time on home range size. Changes in the extent of horizontal movement might arise from ontogeny, predator avoidance or environmental tolerances. In the vertical plane, movement patterns include oscillatory vertical displacement, surface swimming, diel vertical migration and swimming at depth. These vertical movements are often attributed to foraging or navigation, but have been quantified less than horizontal patterns. Habitat specificity is often correlated with environmental conditions such as depth, salinity, substratum, and in some cases, prey availability. Site fidelity is common in species that use nursery areas. However, fidelity to mating, pupping, feeding and natal sites has only been observed in a few species. To date, few studies have examined habitat partitioning, although some general patterns have emerged: habitats appear to be subdivided by benthos type, prey availability and depth. The conservation of coastal sharks can be facilitated in some cases by the use of marine protected areas, especially for coastal resident species using specific nursery, reproduction or feeding areas. Partial protected-area closures might be effective during aggregation or migration periods to protect older size classes, but these must be applied with other management strategies such as reduced fishing and size or bag limits to protect individuals throughout different life history phases. More long-term research on habitat use, migration patterns and habitat partitioning is essential for developing successful management initiatives for coastal shark populations.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityConrad W. Speed, Iain C. Field, Mark G. Meekan and Corey J. A. Bradshaw
dc.identifier.citationMarine Ecology Progress Series, 2010; 408:275-293
dc.identifier.doi10.3354/meps08581
dc.identifier.issn0171-8630
dc.identifier.issn1616-1599
dc.identifier.orcidBradshaw, C. [0000-0002-5328-7741]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/61751
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherInter-research
dc.rightsCopyright © 2010 Inter-Research.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.3354/meps08581
dc.subjectExtinction risk
dc.subjectDepth range
dc.subjectHabitat loss
dc.subjectHarvest
dc.subjectHome range
dc.subjectHorizontal range
dc.subjectLife history
dc.subjectOntogeny
dc.subjectSegregation
dc.subjectSite fidelity
dc.subjectVertical migration
dc.subjectHabitat partitioning
dc.titleComplexities of coastal shark movements and their implications for management
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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