Adjunctive raloxifene treatment improves attention and memory in men and women with schizophrenia

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dc.contributor.authorWeickert, T.
dc.contributor.authorWeinberg, D.
dc.contributor.authorLenroot, R.
dc.contributor.authorCatts, S.
dc.contributor.authorWells, R.
dc.contributor.authorVercammen, A.
dc.contributor.authorO'Donnell, M.
dc.contributor.authorGalletly, C.
dc.contributor.authorLiu, D.
dc.contributor.authorBalzan, R.
dc.contributor.authorShort, B.
dc.contributor.authorPellen, D.
dc.contributor.authorCurtis, J.
dc.contributor.authorCarr, V.
dc.contributor.authorKulkarni, J.
dc.contributor.authorSchofield, P.
dc.contributor.authorWeickert, C.
dc.date.issued2015
dc.description.abstractThere is increasing clinical and molecular evidence for the role of hormones and specifically estrogen and its receptor in schizophrenia. A selective estrogen receptor modulator, raloxifene, stimulates estrogen-like activity in brain and can improve cognition in older adults. The present study tested the extent to which adjunctive raloxifene treatment improved cognition and reduced symptoms in young to middle-age men and women with schizophrenia. Ninety-eight patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were recruited into a dual-site, thirteen-week, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled, crossover trial of adjunctive raloxifene treatment in addition to their usual antipsychotic medications. Symptom severity and cognition in the domains of working memory, attention/processing speed, language and verbal memory were assessed at baseline, 6 and 13 weeks. Analyses of the initial 6-week phase of the study using a parallel groups design (with 39 patients receiving placebo and 40 receiving raloxifene) revealed that participants receiving adjunctive raloxifene treatment showed significant improvement relative to placebo in memory and attention/processing speed. There was no reduction in symptom severity with treatment compared with placebo. There were significant carryover effects, suggesting some cognitive benefits are sustained even after raloxifene withdrawal. Analysis of the 13-week crossover data revealed significant improvement with raloxifene only in attention/processing speed. This is the first study to show that daily, oral adjunctive raloxifene treatment at 120 mg per day has beneficial effects on attention/processing speed and memory for both men and women with schizophrenia. Thus, raloxifene may be useful as an adjunctive treatment for cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityTW Weickert, D Weinberg, R Lenroot, SV Catts, R Wells, A Vercammen, M O, Donnell, C Galletly, D Liu, R Balzan, B Short, D Pellen, J Curtis, VJ Carr, J Kulkarni, PR Schofield and CS Weickert
dc.identifier.citationMolecular Psychiatry, 2015; 20(6):685-694
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/mp.2015.11
dc.identifier.issn1359-4184
dc.identifier.issn1476-5578
dc.identifier.orcidGalletly, C. [0000-0001-6185-9677]
dc.identifier.orcidLiu, D. [0000-0001-9180-2620] [0000-0002-7905-3601]
dc.identifier.orcidBalzan, R. [0000-0003-2007-4317]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/102944
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherNature Publishing Group
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/568807
dc.rights© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if thematerial is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.11
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectMemory Disorders
dc.subjectEstrogen Antagonists
dc.subjectTreatment Outcome
dc.subjectStatistics, Nonparametric
dc.subjectLongitudinal Studies
dc.subjectCross-Over Studies
dc.subjectDouble-Blind Method
dc.subjectPatient Compliance
dc.subjectAttention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
dc.subjectSchizophrenia
dc.subjectPsychiatric Status Rating Scales
dc.subjectNeuropsychological Tests
dc.subjectSex Characteristics
dc.subjectAdolescent
dc.subjectAdult
dc.subjectMiddle Aged
dc.subjectAustralia
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectYoung Adult
dc.subjectRaloxifene Hydrochloride
dc.titleAdjunctive raloxifene treatment improves attention and memory in men and women with schizophrenia
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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