Brave new green world - consequences of a carbon economy for the conservation of Australian biodiversity

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dc.contributor.authorBradshaw, C.
dc.contributor.authorBowman, D.
dc.contributor.authorBond, N.
dc.contributor.authorMurphy, B.
dc.contributor.authorMoore, A.
dc.contributor.authorFordham, D.
dc.contributor.authorThackway, R.
dc.contributor.authorLawes, M.
dc.contributor.authorMcCallum, H.
dc.contributor.authorGregory, S.
dc.contributor.authorDalal, R.
dc.contributor.authorBoer, M.
dc.contributor.authorLynch, A.
dc.contributor.authorBradstock, R.
dc.contributor.authorBrook, B.
dc.contributor.authorHenry, B.
dc.contributor.authorHunt, L.
dc.contributor.authorFisher, D.
dc.contributor.authorHunter, D.
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, C.
dc.contributor.authoret al.
dc.contributor.organisationEnvironment Institute
dc.date.issued2013
dc.description.abstractPricing greenhouse gas emissions is a burgeoning and possibly lucrative financial means for climate change mitigation. Emissions pricing is being used to fund emissions-abatement technologies and to modify land management to improve carbon sequestration and retention. Here we discuss the principal land-management options under existing and realistic future emissions-price legislation in Australia, and examine them with respect to their anticipated direct and indirect effects on biodiversity. The main ways in which emissions price-driven changes to land management can affect biodiversity are through policies and practices for (1) environmental plantings for carbon sequestration, (2) native regrowth, (3) fire management, (4) forestry, (5) agricultural practices (including cropping and grazing), and (6) feral animal control. While most land-management options available to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions offer clear advantages to increase the viability of native biodiversity, we describe several caveats regarding potentially negative outcomes, and outline components that need to be considered if biodiversity is also to benefit from the new carbon economy. Carbon plantings will only have real biodiversity value if they comprise appropriate native tree species and provide suitable habitats and resources for valued fauna. Such plantings also risk severely altering local hydrology and reducing water availability. Management of regrowth post-agricultural abandonment requires setting appropriate baselines and allowing for thinning in certain circumstances, and improvements to forestry rotation lengths would likely increase carbon-retention capacity and biodiversity value. Prescribed burning to reduce the frequency of high-intensity wildfires in northern Australia is being used as a tool to increase carbon retention. Fire management in southern Australia is not readily amenable for maximising carbon storage potential, but will become increasingly important for biodiversity conservation as the climate warms. Carbon price-based modifications to agriculture that would benefit biodiversity include reductions in tillage frequency and livestock densities, reductions in fertiliser use, and retention and regeneration of native shrubs; however, anticipated shifts to exotic perennial grass species such as buffel grass and kikuyu could have net negative implications for native biodiversity. Finally, it is unlikely that major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions arising from feral animal control are possible, even though reduced densities of feral herbivores will benefit Australian biodiversity greatly. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityCorey J.A. Bradshaw...Damien A. Fordham...Stephen D. Gregory...Barry W. Brook...Wayne S. Meyer... et al.
dc.identifier.citationBiological Conservation, 2013; 161:71-90
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.biocon.2013.02.012
dc.identifier.issn0006-3207
dc.identifier.issn1873-2917
dc.identifier.orcidBradshaw, C. [0000-0002-5328-7741]
dc.identifier.orcidFordham, D. [0000-0003-2137-5592]
dc.identifier.orcidMeyer, W. [0000-0003-3477-9385]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/80194
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Sci Ltd
dc.rightsCopyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.02.012
dc.subjectAgriculture
dc.subjectCarbon sequestration
dc.subjectCarbon price
dc.subjectCarbon tax
dc.subjectCropping
dc.subjectEmissions
dc.subjectFeral animals
dc.subjectFire
dc.subjectForestry
dc.subjectGreenhouse gases
dc.subjectInvasive species
dc.subjectLivestock
dc.subjectPlantings
dc.subjectRegrowth
dc.subjectStocking
dc.subjectAgriculture Carbon sequestration Carbon price Carbon tax Cropping Emissions Feral animals Fire Forestry Greenhouse gases Invasive species Livestock Plantings Regrowth Stocking
dc.titleBrave new green world - consequences of a carbon economy for the conservation of Australian biodiversity
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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