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Optimal macronutrient content of the diet for adolescents with prediabetes: RESIST a randomised control trial

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dc.contributor.authorGarnett, S.
dc.contributor.authorGow, M.
dc.contributor.authorHo, M.
dc.contributor.authorBaur, L.
dc.contributor.authorNoakes, M.
dc.contributor.authorWoodhead, M.
dc.contributor.authorBroderick, C.
dc.contributor.authorBurrell, S.
dc.contributor.authorChisholm, K.
dc.contributor.authorHalim, J.
dc.contributor.authorDe, S.
dc.contributor.authorsteinbeck, K.
dc.contributor.authorSrinivasan, S.
dc.contributor.authorAmbler, G.
dc.contributor.authorKohn, M.
dc.contributor.authorCowell, C.
dc.date.issued2013
dc.description.abstractCONTEXT: Prediabetes and clinical insulin resistance in adolescents are rapidly emerging clinical problems with serious health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of 2 structured lifestyle interventions, both differing in diet macronutrient composition, on insulin sensitivity. DESIGN: This study was a randomized controlled trial, known as Researching Effective Strategies to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Children and Teenagers, in 2 hospitals in Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Participants included overweight or obese 10- to 17-year-olds with either prediabetes and/or clinical features of insulin resistance. INTERVENTION: At baseline adolescents were prescribed metformin and randomized to a structured diet, which was either high carbohydrate or moderate carbohydrate with increased protein. The program commenced with a 3-month dietary intervention, with the addition of an exercise intervention in the next 3 months. OUTCOMES: The outcomes included an insulin sensitivity, anthropometry, and cardiometabolic profile at 6 months. RESULTS: One hundred eleven subjects (66 girls) were recruited and 98 subjects (58 girls) completed the 6-month intervention. After 3 months the mean insulin sensitivity index increased by 0.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2–0.4]. After 6 months the mean insulin (picomoles per liter) to glucose ratio (millimoles per liter) decreased by 7.2 [95%CI −12.0 to −2.3], body mass index, expressed as a percentage of the 95th centile, decreased by 9% (95% CI −3 to −15), but there was no significant change in the lipids. There were no significant differences in outcomes between the diet groups at any time point. CONCLUSIONS: These results are in contrast with our hypothesis that adolescents randomized to the increased protein diet would have better outcomes. Further strategies are required to better address prediabetes and clinical features of insulin resistance in adolescents. AFFILIATIONS Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes (S.P.G., M.G., J.H., S.S., G.R.A., C.T.C.), The Children's Hospital Institute of Sports Medicine (C.R.B.), and Nutrition and Dietetics, Weight Management Services (S.B., K.C.), and The Centre for Research into Adolescent's Health (M.R.K.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School (S.P.G., M.G., M.H., L.A.B., G.R.A., C.T.C.), University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Food and Nutritional Sciences (M.N.), Adelaide Business Centre, South Australia 5000, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (H.J.W.), Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, New South Wales 2560, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology (H.J.W.), Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia; and Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine (K.S.), Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2066, Australia
dc.description.statementofresponsibilitySarah P. Garnett, Megan Gow, Mandy Ho, Louise A. Baur, Manny Noakes, Helen J. Woodhead, Carolyn R. Broderick, Susie Burrell, Kerryn Chisholm, Jocelyn Halim, Sukanya De, Katherine Steinbeck, Shubha Srinivasan, Geoffrey R. Ambler, Michael R. Kohn, and Chris T. Cowell
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2013; 98(5):2116-2125
dc.identifier.doi10.1210/jc.2012-4251
dc.identifier.issn0021-972X
dc.identifier.issn1945-7197
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/83215
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherEndocrine Society
dc.rights© 2013 by The Endocrine Society
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-4251
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2
dc.subjectPrediabetic State
dc.subjectInsulin Resistance
dc.subjectObesity
dc.subjectWeight Loss
dc.subjectMetformin
dc.subjectHypoglycemic Agents
dc.subjectBody Mass Index
dc.subjectCombined Modality Therapy
dc.subjectExercise
dc.subjectRisk
dc.subjectFollow-Up Studies
dc.subjectAdolescent Behavior
dc.subjectChild Behavior
dc.subjectPatient Compliance
dc.subjectLife Style
dc.subjectAdolescent
dc.subjectChild
dc.subjectPatient Dropouts
dc.subjectNew South Wales
dc.subjectOverweight
dc.subjectDiet, Diabetic
dc.subjectMetabolic Syndrome
dc.titleOptimal macronutrient content of the diet for adolescents with prediabetes: RESIST a randomised control trial
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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