Current studentsExisting staffContact us
 

A very low-carbohydrate, low-saturated fat diet for type 2 diabetes management: a randomized trial

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorTay, J.
dc.contributor.authorLuscombe-Marsh, N.
dc.contributor.authorThompson, C.
dc.contributor.authorNoakes, M.
dc.contributor.authorBuckley, J.
dc.contributor.authorWittert, G.
dc.contributor.authorYancy, W.
dc.contributor.authorBrinkworth, G.
dc.date.issued2014
dc.description.abstractOBJECTIVE: To comprehensively compare the effects of a very low-carbohydrate, high-unsaturated/low-saturated fat diet (LC) with those of a high-unrefined carbohydrate, low-fat diet (HC) on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in type 2 diabetes (T₂DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Obese adults (n = 115, BMI 34.4 ± 4.2 kg/m², age 58 ± 7 years) with T₂DM were randomized to a hypocaloric LC diet (14% carbohydrate [<50 g/day], 28% protein, and 58% fat [<10% saturated fat]) or an energy-matched HC diet (53% carbohydrate, 17% protein, and 30% fat [<10% saturated fat]) combined with structured exercise for 24 weeks. The outcomes measured were as follows: glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA₁ₑ), glycemic variability (GV; assessed by 48-h continuous glucose monitoring), antiglycemic medication changes (antiglycemic medication effects score [MES]), and blood lipids and pressure. RESULTS: A total of 93 participants completed 24 weeks. Both groups achieved similar completion rates (LC 79%, HC 82%) and weight loss (LC -12.0 ± 6.3 kg, HC -11.5 ± 5.5 kg); P ≥ 0.50. Blood pressure (-9.8/-7.3 ± 11.6/6.8 mmHg), fasting blood glucose (-1.4 ± 2.3 mmol/L), and LDL cholesterol (-0.3 ± 0.6 mmol/L) decreased, with no diet effect (P ≥ 0.10). LC achieved greater reductions in triglycerides (-0.5 ± 0.5 vs. -0.1 ± 0.5 mmol/L), MES (-0.5 ± 0.5 vs. -0.2 ± 0.5), and GV indices; P ≤ 0.03. LC induced greater HbA₁ₑ reductions (-2.6 ± 1.0% [-28.4 ± 10.9 mmol/mol] vs. -1.9 ± 1.2% [-20.8 ± 13.1 mmol/mol]; P = 0.002) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) increases (0.2 ± 0.3 vs. 0.05 ± 0.2 mmol/L; P = 0.007) in participants with the respective baseline values HbA₁ₑ >7.8% (62 mmol/mol) and HDL-C <1.29 mmol/L. CONCLUSIONS: Both diets achieved substantial improvements for several clinical glycemic control and CVD risk markers. These improvements and reductions in GV and antiglycemic medication requirements were greatest with the LC compared with HC. This suggests an LC diet with low saturated fat may be an effective dietary approach for T₂DM management if effects are sustained beyond 24 weeks.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityJeannie Tay, Natalie D. Luscombe-Marsh, Campbell H. Thompson, Manny Noakes, Jon D. Buckley, Gary A. Wittert, William S. Yancy Jr., and Grant D. Brinkworth
dc.identifier.citationDiabetes Care, 2014; 37(11):2909-2918
dc.identifier.doi10.2337/dc14-0845
dc.identifier.issn0149-5992
dc.identifier.issn1935-5548
dc.identifier.orcidLuscombe-Marsh, N. [0000-0001-9690-4722]
dc.identifier.orcidThompson, C. [0000-0002-5164-3327]
dc.identifier.orcidBuckley, J. [0000-0003-0298-2186]
dc.identifier.orcidWittert, G. [0000-0001-6818-6065]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/89968
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAmerican Diabetes Association
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1030415
dc.rightsCopyright © 2014, American Diabetes Association
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-0845
dc.subjectAdult
dc.subjectAged
dc.subjectBlood Glucose
dc.subjectBlood Pressure
dc.subjectCardiovascular Diseases
dc.subjectCholesterol
dc.subjectHDL
dc.subjectLDL
dc.subjectDiabetes Mellitus
dc.subjectType 2
dc.subjectDiet
dc.subjectCarbohydrate-Restricted
dc.subjectFat-Restricted
dc.subjectDietary Fats
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectHemoglobin A
dc.subjectGlycosylated
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectLipids
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectMiddle Aged
dc.subjectObesity
dc.subjectTriglycerides
dc.subjectWeight Loss
dc.titleA very low-carbohydrate, low-saturated fat diet for type 2 diabetes management: a randomized trial
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

Files

Collections

Medicine publications