Economic evaluation of subcutaneous ketamine injections for treatment resistant depression: A randomised, double-blind, active-controlled trial - The KADS study

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dc.contributor.authorChatterton, M.L.
dc.contributor.authorPerez, J.K.
dc.contributor.authorThai, T.
dc.contributor.authorFaller, J.
dc.contributor.authorLoo, C.K.
dc.contributor.authorGlozier, N.
dc.contributor.authorBarton, D.
dc.contributor.authorBaune, B.T.
dc.contributor.authorMills, N.T.
dc.contributor.authorFitzgerald, P.B.
dc.contributor.authorGlue, P.
dc.contributor.authorSarma, S.
dc.contributor.authorHadzi-Pavlovic, D.
dc.contributor.authorDong, V.
dc.contributor.authorMartin, D.
dc.contributor.authorMitchell, P.B.
dc.contributor.authorBerk, M.
dc.contributor.authorCarter, G.
dc.contributor.authorHackett, M.
dc.contributor.authorHood, S.
dc.contributor.authoret al.
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionAvailable online 28 May 2025
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: Ketamine is effective for treatment resistant depression (TRD); but cost-effectiveness evidence remains limited. AIMS: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of subcutaneous ketamine for TRD from health sector and societal perspectives. METHODS: A cost-utility analysis alongside the KADS randomised controlled trial (RCT) involved 174 participants receiving ketamine or midazolam (active control) twice weekly for 4 weeks. Healthcare resource use, transportation, carer time and lost productivity data were collected via self-reported questionnaire at baseline, end of RCT (week 4) and RCT 4-week follow-up (week 8). Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated using AQoL-8D utility values. Initial dosing was fixed (cohort 1) and changed to response-guided dosing (cohort 2). Base-case 1 included control arm treatment costs; base-case 2 excluded these costs. RESULTS: At end of RCT, cohort 2 utility values were significantly higher for ketamine than the control treatment (0.435 vs. 0.352; p < 0.05). Health sector incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in base-case 1 indicated ketamine was dominant (less costly, more effective) with probabilities of falling below $50,000/QALY of 89 % (end of RCT) and 91 % (total across 8-weeks). Societal perspective probabilities were lower (30-32 %). In base-case 2, ketamine was not cost-effective (ICERs: $251,250/QALY at end of RCT; $108,500/QALY across 8-weeks), with minimal probabilities (0-5 %) of falling below $50,000/QALY. CONCLUSIONS: The initial four-week ketamine treatment phase appeared cost-effective from a health sector perspective when including control arm costs, although societal perspective results were less favourable. Excluding control treatment costs highlighted substantial uncertainty, emphasising the importance of selecting an appropriate comparator for an economic evaluation.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityMary Lou Chatterton, Johana Kevin Perez, Thao Thai, Jan Faller, Colleen K. Loo, Nick Glozier, David Barton, Bernhard T. Baune, Natalie T. Mills, Paul B. Fitzgerald, Paul Glue, Shanthi Sarma, Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic, Vanessa Dong, Donel Martin, Philip B. Mitchell, Michael Berk, Gregory Carter, Maree Hackett, Sean Hood, Andrew A. Somogyi, Anthony Rodgers, Cathrine Mihalopoulos
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Affective Disorders, 2025; 387:119502-1-119502-10
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jad.2025.119502
dc.identifier.issn0165-0327
dc.identifier.issn1573-2517
dc.identifier.orcidBaune, B.T. [0000-0001-6548-426X]
dc.identifier.orcidMills, N.T. [0000-0003-3255-5118]
dc.identifier.orcidSomogyi, A.A. [0000-0003-4779-0380]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/145053
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier BV
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1105089
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/2017131
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1193596
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1177991
dc.rights© 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.119502
dc.subjectClinical drug studies
dc.subjectCost effectiveness
dc.subjectKetamine
dc.subjectMajor depressive disorder
dc.subjectTreatment resistance
dc.titleEconomic evaluation of subcutaneous ketamine injections for treatment resistant depression: A randomised, double-blind, active-controlled trial - The KADS study
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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