Mutations in USP9X are associated with X-linked intellectual disability and disrupt neuronal cell migration and growth

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dc.contributor.authorHoman, C.
dc.contributor.authorKumar, R.
dc.contributor.authorNguyen, L.
dc.contributor.authorHaan, E.
dc.contributor.authorRaymond, F.
dc.contributor.authorAbidi, F.
dc.contributor.authorRaynaud, M.
dc.contributor.authorSchwartz, C.
dc.contributor.authorWood, S.
dc.contributor.authorGecz, J.
dc.contributor.authorJolly, L.
dc.date.issued2014
dc.description.abstractWith a wealth of disease-associated DNA variants being recently reported, the challenges of providing their functional characterization are mounting. Previously, as part of a large systematic resequencing of the X chromosome in 208 unrelated families with nonsyndromic X-linked intellectual disability, we identified three unique variants (two missense and one protein truncating) in USP9X. To assess the functional significance of these variants, we took advantage of the Usp9x knockout mouse we generated. Loss of Usp9x causes reduction in both axonal growth and neuronal cell migration. Although overexpression of wild-type human USP9X rescued these defects, all three USP9X variants failed to rescue axonal growth, caused reduced USP9X protein localization in axonal growth cones, and (in 2/3 variants) failed to rescue neuronal cell migration. Interestingly, in one of these families, the proband was subsequently identified to have a microdeletion encompassing ARID1B, a known ID gene. Given our findings it is plausible that loss of function of both genes contributes to the individual's phenotype. This case highlights the complexity of the interpretations of genetic findings from genome-wide investigations. We also performed proteomics analysis of neurons from both the wild-type and Usp9x knockout embryos and identified disruption of the cytoskeleton as the main underlying consequence of the loss of Usp9x. Detailed clinical assessment of all three families with USP9X variants identified hypotonia and behavioral and morphological defects as common features in addition to ID. Together our data support involvement of all three USP9X variants in ID in these families and provide likely cellular and molecular mechanisms involved.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityClaire C. Homan, Raman Kumar, Lam Son Nguyen, Eric Haan, F. Lucy Raymond, Fatima Abidi, Martine Raynaud, Charles E. Schwartz, Stephen A. Wood, Jozef Gecz, Lachlan A. Jolly
dc.identifier.citationAmerican Journal of Human Genetics, 2014; 94(3):470-478
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.02.004
dc.identifier.issn0002-9297
dc.identifier.issn1537-6605
dc.identifier.orcidHoman, C. [0000-0003-2847-8586]
dc.identifier.orcidKumar, R. [0000-0001-7976-8386]
dc.identifier.orcidHaan, E. [0000-0002-7310-5124]
dc.identifier.orcidGecz, J. [0000-0002-7884-6861]
dc.identifier.orcidJolly, L. [0000-0003-4538-2658]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/87078
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/628952
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1041920
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1008077
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1009248
dc.rights© 2014 The American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.02.004
dc.subjectNeurons
dc.subjectChromosomes, Human, X
dc.subjectCytoskeleton
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectMice, Knockout
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectMice
dc.subjectUbiquitin Thiolesterase
dc.subjectDNA-Binding Proteins
dc.subjectTranscription Factors
dc.subjectCell Proliferation
dc.subjectCell Movement
dc.subjectPhenotype
dc.subjectMutation
dc.subjectMutation, Missense
dc.subjectTime Factors
dc.subjectFamily Health
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectGenes, X-Linked
dc.subjectGenetic Variation
dc.subjectNeurogenesis
dc.subjectIntellectual Disability
dc.titleMutations in USP9X are associated with X-linked intellectual disability and disrupt neuronal cell migration and growth
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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