Mammalian cell-based assays for studying bio-nano interactions
Date
2018
Authors
Ninan, N.
Albrecht, H.
Blencowe, A.
Editors
Bhagyara, S.M.
Oluwafemi, O.S.
Kalarikka, N.
Oluwafemi, O.S.
Kalarikka, N.
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Book chapter
Citation
Characterization of Nanomaterials Advances and Key Technologies, 2018 / Bhagyara, S.M., Oluwafemi, O.S., Kalarikka, N. (ed./s), pp.129-166
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Abstract
The principle challenge in biological characterization of nanomaterials is to understand the complexity of cell-material interactions. Cell-based assays are versatile tools to measure many biochemical or cellular functions. Various events including cell proliferation, morphology, migration, apoptosis, and genetics can be investigated using bioassays. Unlike in vivo studies, in vitro cell-based assays are less expensive and can be conducted in a high-throughput manner. Although some nanomaterials show exceptional properties, they may also be highly toxic. Cell-based assays enable such characteristics to be identified before moving to in vivo trials, saving money and animal sacrifice. Moreover, animal physiology may not always reproduce human physiology, which can result in unanticipated toxicity issues and even late-stage organ failures. In the past, several drugs have been withdrawn from the market due to unforeseen toxicity issues. Thus, cell-based assays can provide a reliable approach to screen drugs and nanomaterials, and identify issues before proceeding to animal experiments. However, although the versatility and reliability of many assays have been well established for small molecules, care must be taken when adapting such assays for the analysis of nanomaterials. This chapter provides an overview of the various cell-based assays that have been used to test nanomaterials, including their mechanism, merits, and limitations.
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Copyright 2018 Elsevier