Loss of anti-aggregatory effects of aortic valve tissue in patients with aortic stenosis

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dc.contributor.authorChirkov, Y.
dc.contributor.authorMishra, K.
dc.contributor.authorChandy, S.
dc.contributor.authorHolmes, A.
dc.contributor.authorKanna, R.
dc.contributor.authorHorowitz, J.
dc.date.issued2006
dc.description© ICR Publishers
dc.description.abstract<h4>Background and aim of the study</h4>Patients with aortic stenosis (AS) exhibit increased platelet aggregability, and thrombus formation has been documented on calcific and severely stenosed valves. Isolated porcine and canine aortic valves (AV) release nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin, which exert local antithrombotic effects; to date, this has not been studied in humans. In the present study the possible interaction of AV tissue with platelet aggregation was examined, using fragments of AV obtained from patients with AS and aortic regurgitation (AR).<h4>Methods</h4>Fragments of AV tissue, excised from patients undergoing AV replacement, were co-incubated with blood samples obtained from normal subjects. The direct effects of valve tissue from patients with AS (n = 14) or with predominant AR (n = 13) on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and intraplatelet cGMP and cAMP content were compared.<h4>Results</h4>In whole blood, non-calcified AV fragments from AR patients inhibited platelet aggregation by 57 +/- 6% (p < 0.01); in platelet-rich plasma results were analogous. In order to determine whether this anti-aggregatory effect could be attributed to the valvular release of NO or prostacyclin, intraplatelet cGMP and cAMP formation was assessed, respectively. While there were no significant changes in cGMP content, cAMP increased by 26 +/- 4% (p < 0.02). Both, anti-aggregatory and cAMP-stimulating effects were similar to those produced by 10 nM prostaglandin E1, a prostacyclin mimetic. Fragments from stenotic valves did not inhibit aggregation and did not affect cGMP or cAMP. Furthermore, fragments from heavily calcified regions potentiated aggregation and, in some cases, induced spontaneous aggregation.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Minimally calcified aortic valves (i.e., AR) and, therefore, presumably also normal valves, exert anti-aggregatory effects, most likely via prostacyclin release. AS is associated with a loss of this effect, thus potentially contributing to thrombotic risk.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityYuliy Y. Chirkov, Kumaril Mishra, Sunil Chandy, Andrew S. Holmes, Rajesh Kanna, John D. Horowitz
dc.description.urihttp://www.icr-heart.com/journal/content/2006/jan/abstracts/article5.php
dc.identifier.citationThe Journal of Heart Valve Disease, 2006; 15(1):28-33
dc.identifier.issn0966-8519
dc.identifier.issn2053-2644
dc.identifier.orcidHorowitz, J. [0000-0001-6883-0703]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/35695
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherI C R Publishers
dc.subjectEndothelium, Vascular
dc.subjectAortic Valve
dc.subjectBlood Platelets
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectAortic Valve Insufficiency
dc.subjectAortic Valve Stenosis
dc.subjectNitric Oxide
dc.subjectEpoprostenol
dc.subjectAlprostadil
dc.subjectCyclic AMP
dc.subjectCyclic GMP
dc.subjectAdenosine Diphosphate
dc.subjectPlatelet Aggregation Inhibitors
dc.subjectPlatelet Aggregation
dc.subjectDose-Response Relationship, Drug
dc.subjectResearch Design
dc.subjectAged
dc.subjectMiddle Aged
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectBiomarkers
dc.titleLoss of anti-aggregatory effects of aortic valve tissue in patients with aortic stenosis
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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