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Heavy metals in Australian grown and imported rice and vegetables on sale in Australia: health hazard

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dc.contributor.authorAzizur Rahman, M.
dc.contributor.authorRahman, M.M.
dc.contributor.authorReichman, S.M.
dc.contributor.authorLim, R.P.
dc.contributor.authorNaidu, R.
dc.date.issued2014
dc.description.abstractDietary exposure to heavy metals is a matter of concern for human health risk through the consumption of rice, vegetables and other major foodstuffs. In the present study, we investigated concentrations of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in Australian grown and imported rice and vegetables on sale in Australia. The mean concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in Australian grown rice were 7.5 µg kg−1, 21 µg kg−1, 144 µg kg−1, 2.9 mg kg−1, 24.4 mg kg−1, 166 µg kg−1, 375 µg kg−1, and 17.1 mg kg−1 dry weight (d. wt.), respectively. Except Cd, heavy metal concentrations in Australian grown rice were higher than Bangladeshi rice on sale in Australia. However, the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Ni in Indian rice on sale in Australia were higher than Australian grown rice. The concentrations of Cu and Ni in Vietnamese rice, and that of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb in Thai rice on sale in Australia were also higher than Australian grown rice. Heavy metal concentrations in Pakistani rice on sale in Australia were substantially lower than that in Australian grown rice. In Australian grown rice varieties, the concentrations of heavy metals were considerably higher in brown rice varieties than white rice varieties, indicating Australian brown rice as a potential source of dietary heavy metals for Australian consumers. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in Australian grown and Bangladeshi vegetables on sale in Australia were also determined. Some of the Australian grown and Bangladeshi vegetables contained heavy metals higher than Australian standard maximum limits indicating them as potential sources of dietary heavy metals for Australian consumers. Further investigation is required to estimate health risks of heavy metals from rice and vegetables consumption for Australian consumers.
dc.identifier.citationEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2014; 100(1):53-60
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.11.024
dc.identifier.issn0147-6513
dc.identifier.issn1090-2414
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1959.8/154193
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAcademic Press
dc.relation.fundingUniversity of South Australia (Supported Researcher Fund Scheme)
dc.relation.fundingCooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment 3.1.3.11/12
dc.rightsCopyright 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.11.024
dc.subjectheavy metals
dc.subjectAustralia
dc.subjectrice
dc.subjectvegetables
dc.subjecthuman health hazard
dc.titleHeavy metals in Australian grown and imported rice and vegetables on sale in Australia: health hazard
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished
ror.mmsid9915910037201831

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