Biodegradable and biocompatible graphene-based scaffolds for functional neural tissue engineering: a strategy approach using dental pulp stem cells and biomaterials
Date
2021
Authors
Mansouri, N.
Al-Sarawi, S.
Losic, D.
Mazumdar, J.
Clark, J.
Gronthos, S.
O'Hare Doig, R.
Editors
Advisors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Type:
Journal article
Citation
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2021; 118(11):4217-4230
Statement of Responsibility
Negar Mansour, Said Al-Sarawi, Dusan Losic, Jagan Mazumdar, Jillian Clark, Stan Gronthos, Ryan O'Hare Doig
Conference Name
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering aims to restore function of nervous system tissues using biocompatible cell-seeded scaffolds. Graphene-based scaffolds combined with stem cells deserve special attention to enhance tissue regeneration in a controlled manner. However, it is believed that minor changes in scaffold biomaterial composition, internal porous structure, and physicochemical properties can impact cellular growth and adhesion. The current work aims to investigate in vitro biological effects of 3D graphene oxide (GO)/sodium alginate (GOSA) and reduced GOSA (RGOSA) scaffolds on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in terms of cell viability and cytotoxicity. Herein, the effects of the 3D scaffolds, coating conditions, and serum supplementation on DPSCs functions are explored extensively. Biodegradation analysis revealed that addition of GO enhanced the degradation rate of composite scaffolds. Compared to the 2D surface, the cell viability of 3D scaffolds was higher (p <0.0001), highlighting the optimal initial cell adhesion to the scaffold surface and cell migration through pores. Moreover, the cytotoxicity study indicated that the incorporation of graphene supported higher DPSCs viability. It is also shown that when the mean pore size of the scaffold increases, DPSCs activity decreases. In terms of coating conditions, poly-l-lysine (PLL) was the most robust coating reagent that improved cell-scaffold adherence and DPSCs metabolism activity. The cytotoxicity of GO-based scaffolds showed that DPSCs can be seeded in serum-free media without cytotoxic effects. This is critical for human translation as cellular transplants are typically serum-free. These findings suggest that proposed 3D GO-based scaffolds have favourable effects on the biological responses of DPSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
School/Discipline
Dissertation Note
Provenance
Description
Accepted: 1 July 2021
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Rights
© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.