Surface analytical studies of oxidation and collector adsorption in sulfide mineral flotation
Date
2003
Authors
Smart, R.S.C.
Amarantidis, J.
Skinner, W.M.
Prestidge, C.A.
La Vanier, L.
Grano, S.R.
Editors
Wandelt, K.
Thurgate, S.
Thurgate, S.
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Book chapter
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Source details - Title: Solid-liquid interfaces : macroscopic phenomena - microscopic understanding, 2003 / Wandelt, K., Thurgate, S. (ed./s), Ch.1, pp.3-62
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Abstract
The physical and chemical forms of sulfide mineral surfaces are reviewed. The initial surfaces and oxidation products have been studied by Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Changes to surface speciation as a function of time, pH, Eh and collector adsorption, related to mineral flotation, have been followed with these techniques. Oxidation products are formed in different processes, namely: metal_de ficient sulfides, polysulfides and sulfur; oxidized fine sulfide particles; colloidal hydroxide particles and flocs; continuous surface layers (e.g. hydroxide, oxyhydroxide, oxide species) of varying depth; sulfate and carbonate species; isolated, patchwise and face-specific oxide, hydroxide and hydroxycarbonate development. The actions of collector molecules (e.g. xanthates, dithiophosphinates) have been identified in several modes, namely: adsorption to specific surface sites; colloidal precipitation from solution; detachment of small sulfide particles from larger particle surfaces; detachment of small oxide/hydroxide particles; removal of adsorbed and amorphous oxidized surface layers; inhibition of oxidation; disaggregation of larger particles; and patchwise or face-specific coverage. The different modes of oxidation and collector action are exemplified using case studies from the literature and recent research.
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Copyright 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg