Long-term quantification and characterisation of wind farm noise amplitude modulation
Date
2021
Authors
Nguyen, P.D.
Hansen, K.L.
Catcheside, P.
Hansen, C.
Zajamsek, B.
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Journal article
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Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 2021; 182:109678-1-109678-9
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Phuc D. Nguyen, Kristy L. Hansen, Peter Catcheside, Colin H. Hansen, Branko Zajamse
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Abstract
The large-scale expansion of wind farms has prompted community debate regarding adverse impacts of windfarm noise (WFN). One of the most annoying and potentially sleep disturbing components of WFN is amplitudemodulation (AM). Here we quantified and characterised AM over one year using acoustical and meteorologicaldata measured at three locations near three wind farms. We found that the diurnal variation of outdoor AMprevalence was substantial, whereby the nighttime prevalence was approximately 2 to 5 times higher thanthe daytime prevalence. On average, indoor AM occurred during the nighttime from 1.1 to 1.7 times lessoften than outdoor AM, but the indoor AM depth was higher than that measured outdoors. We observed anassociation between AM prevalence and sunset and sunrise. AM occurred more often during downwind andcrosswind conditions. These findings provide important insights into long term WFN characteristics that willhelp to inform future WFN assessment guidelines.
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