Independent effects of heart-head distance and caudal blood pooling on blood pressure regulation in aquatic and terrestrial snakes

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dc.contributor.authorSeymour, R.
dc.contributor.authorArndt, J.
dc.date.issued2004
dc.description© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2004
dc.description.abstractChanges in orientation in a gravitational field markedly alter the patterns of blood pressure and flow in animals, especially tall or long ones such as giraffes or snakes. Vertical orientation tends to reduce blood flow and pressure in the head for two major reasons. First, the increased vertical blood column above the heart creates a gravitational hydrostatic pressure against which the heart must work. Second, expansion of dependent vessels in the lower extremities causes blood pooling and reduces return of venous blood to the heart, thereby lowering flow and pressure. For most animals, it is difficult to separate these two effects, but snakes offer the possibility of bending the animal in the region of the heart and manipulating the two ends of the body independently. We studied baroregulatory responses in terrestrial pythons (Liasis fuscus) and aquatic file snakes (Acrochordus arafurae) by tilting only the front or rear parts and then the whole animal. Changes in head blood pressure during partial tilts added up to the change during full tilt. The vertical distance to the head had twice as much influence on head blood pressure than did blood pooling in the pythons and four times as much in file snakes. This accounts for the cephalad location of the heart in terrestrial species compared with aquatic ones
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityRoger S. Seymour and Joachim O. Arndt
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Experimental Biology, 2004; 207(8):1305-1311
dc.identifier.doi10.1242/jeb.00882
dc.identifier.issn0022-0949
dc.identifier.issn1477-9145
dc.identifier.orcidSeymour, R. [0000-0002-3395-0059]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/1827
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherCompany of Biologists Ltd
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00882
dc.subjectBlood pressure regulation
dc.subjectgravity
dc.subjectorthostasis
dc.subjectsnake
dc.subjecttilting
dc.subjectLiasis fuscus
dc.subjectAcrochordus arafurae
dc.titleIndependent effects of heart-head distance and caudal blood pooling on blood pressure regulation in aquatic and terrestrial snakes
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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