The GABA shunt contributes to ROS homeostasis in guard cells of Arabidopsis

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dc.contributor.authorXu, B.
dc.contributor.authorFeng, X.
dc.contributor.authorPiechatzek, A.
dc.contributor.authorZhang, S.
dc.contributor.authorKonrad, K.R.
dc.contributor.authorKromdijk, J.
dc.contributor.authorHedrich, R.
dc.contributor.authorGilliham, M.
dc.date.issued2024
dc.descriptionFirst published: 07 November 2023
dc.description.abstractγ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulates rapidly under stress via the GABA shunt pathway, which has been implicated in reducing the accumulation of stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. γ-Aminobutyric acid has been demonstrated to act as a guard-cell signal in Arabidopsis thaliana, modulating stomatal opening. Knockout of the major GABA synthesis enzyme Glutamate Decarboxylase 2 (GAD2) increases the aperture of gad2 mutants, which results in greater stomatal conductance and reduces water-use efficiency compared with wild-type plants. Here, we found that the additional loss of GAD1, GAD4, and GAD5 in gad2 leaves increased GABA deficiency but abolished the more open stomatal pore phenotype of gad2, which we link to increased cytosolic calcium (Ca2+ ) and ROS accumulation in gad1/2/4/5 guard cells. Compared with wild-type and gad2 plants, glutamate was ineffective in closing gad1/2/4/5 stomatal pores, whereas lowering apoplastic calcium, applying ROS inhibitors or complementation with GAD2 reduced gad1/2/4/5 guard-cell ROS, restored the gad2-like greater stomatal apertures of gad1/2/4/5 beyond that of wild-type. We conclude that GADs are important contributors to ROS homeostasis in guard cells likely via a Ca2+ -mediated pathway. As such, this study reveals greater complexity in GABA's role as a guard-cell signal and the interactions it has with other established signals.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityBo Xu, Xueying Feng, Adriane Piechatzek, Shuqun Zhang, Kai R. Konrad, Johannes Kromdijk, Rainer Hedrich, and Matthew Gilliham
dc.identifier.citationNew Phytologist, 2024; 241(1):73-81
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/nph.19390
dc.identifier.issn0028-646X
dc.identifier.issn1469-8137
dc.identifier.orcidXu, B. [0000-0002-7583-2384]
dc.identifier.orcidPiechatzek, A. [0000-0002-7958-5771]
dc.identifier.orcidGilliham, M. [0000-0003-0666-3078]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/140099
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP210102828
dc.rights© 2023 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2023 New Phytologist Foundation This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
dc.source.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.19390
dc.subjectcalcium
dc.subjectEGTA
dc.subjectgad2-1
dc.subjectgad2-2
dc.subjectH2DCF-DA
dc.subjectstomatal apertures
dc.titleThe GABA shunt contributes to ROS homeostasis in guard cells of Arabidopsis
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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