Revealing the origin of improved reversible capacity of dual-shell bismuth boxes anode for potassium-Ion batteries
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Date
2019
Authors
Xie, F.
Zhang, L.
Chen, B.
Chao, D.
Gu, Q.
Johannessen, B.
Jaroniec, M.
Qiao, S.Z.
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Journal article
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Matter, 2019; 1(6):1681-1693
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Fangxi Xie, Lei Zhang, Biao Chen, Dongliang Chao, Qinfen Gu, Bernt Johannessen, Mietek Jaroniec, and Shi-Zhang Qiao
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Abstract
Nanostructured alloy anodes have been successfully used in several kinds of rocking-chair batteries. However, a full picture of the origin of their improved reversible capacity remains elusive. Here, we combine operando synchrotron-based X-ray powder diffraction and ex situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy to study the double-shell structured bismuth boxes as anodes in potassium-ion batteries to reveal the origin of their improved capacity. The nanostructured bismuth anode offers an enhanced capability to tolerate the volume expansion under a low current density of 0.2 C, resulting in a more complete alloy reaction. Additionally, under a high current density of 2 C, nanostructured bismuth anode with larger surface area offers more sites to electrochemically alloy with potassium and results in a lower average oxidation state of bismuth. These findings offer guidance for the rational design and engineering of electrode materials according to the current density for rocking-chair batteries.
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© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).