Surfactant-enhanced release of carbaryl and ethion from two long-term contaminated soils

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dc.contributor.authorAhmad, R.
dc.contributor.authorKookana, R.
dc.contributor.authorAlston, A.
dc.date.issued2004
dc.descriptionCopyright © 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.
dc.description.abstractThe potential of five nonionic surfactants, Triton X-100, Brij35, Ethylan GE08, Ethylan CD127, and Ethylan CPG660 for enhancing release of carbaryl and ethion from two long-term contaminated soils was evaluated using the batch method. Incorporation of the surfactants into soils enhanced the release of both pesticides to various extents, which could be related to the type of pesticides and type and the amount of surfactants added. Release of ethion was dramatically enhanced by aqueous concentrations of surfactants above their critical micelle concentration values. This was attributed to solubility enhancement through incorporation of the highly hydrophobic compound within surfactant micelles. A concentration of 10 g L-1 of various surfactants released >70% of the total ethion from the soil irrespective of the surfactant. For carbaryl, the surfactants were effective at low concentrations and dependence on concentration was lower than in the case of ethion. The ethylan surfactants (GE08, CD127, and CPG660) had a higher potential than Triton X-100 and Brij35 for releasing the pesticides. However, there was still a significant portion of carbaryl (11% of the total) and ethion (17% of the total) left in the soil. Our study also showed that there must be an optimal concentration of each surfactant to maximize the mass transfer of pesticides. At some threshold concentration level, additional surfactant started to inhibit the mass transfer of solute from the soil into the water. The results suggested that surfactants could help remediation of soils polluted by pesticides. The choice of surfactant should be made based on the properties of pesticides.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityRiaz Ahmad, Rai S. Kookana and Angus M. Alston
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Environmental Science and Health Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes, 2004; 39(4):565-576
dc.identifier.doi10.1081/LESB-200026789
dc.identifier.issn0360-1234
dc.identifier.issn1532-4109
dc.identifier.orcidKookana, R. [0000-0002-0477-3284]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/56055
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMarcel Dekker Inc
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1081/pfc-200026789
dc.subjectSurfactants
dc.subjectMicelles
dc.subjectPesticides
dc.subjectRelease
dc.subjectSoil remediation
dc.titleSurfactant-enhanced release of carbaryl and ethion from two long-term contaminated soils
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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