Optimisation of phosphate loading on graphene oxide-Fe(iii) composites-possibilities for engineering slow release fertilisers
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(Accepted version)
Date
2019
Authors
Andelkovic, I.B.
Kabiri, S.
Da Silva, R.
Tavakkoli, E.
Kirby, J.K.
Losic, D.
Mclaughlin, M.J.
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Journal article
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New Journal of Chemistry: a journal for new directions in chemistry, 2019; 43(22):8580-8589
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Ivan B. Andelkovic, Shervin Kabiri, Rodrigo C. da Silva, Ehsan Tavakkoli, Jason K. Kirby, Dusan Losic and Michael J. McLaughlin
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Abstract
Current commercially available phosphorus (P) fertilisers, which are highly soluble salts, are susceptible to surface runoff to waterways, and leaching to groundwaters where soils are light/medium textured. Here, we report the synthesis of a graphene oxide (GO)/iron (GO–Fe) composite, a promising carrier for loading P. The GO–Fe carriers loaded with P acted as slow release fertilisers with tunable loading/release properties. The amount of P loaded onto the GO–Fe composite was 15%, similar to commercial products. Investigation of the morphology and spectroscopic and chemical analysis revealed a complex loading mechanism of Fe onto GO. Iron, as an active center for P sorption, could interact with the oxygen functional groups at the edge of GO sheets as well as the π-electron system of the aromatic part of GO. Column perfusion studies, visualisation of P diffusion in soils and chemical analysis of soils after diffusion showed the composites to have slow-release properties. Pot experiments using wheat and our composites resulted in the same yield as using highly soluble commercial fertiliser.
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This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2019