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Transforming growth factor-β levels in maternal milk and expression in postnatal rat duodenum and ileum

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dc.contributor.authorPenttila, I.
dc.contributor.authorvan Spriel, A.
dc.contributor.authorZhang, M.
dc.contributor.authorXian, C.
dc.contributor.authorSteeb, C.B.
dc.contributor.authorCummins, A.
dc.contributor.authorZola, H.
dc.contributor.authorRead, L.
dc.date.issued1998
dc.description.abstractAfter birth, the gastrointestinal tract of the neonate is exposed to food and bacterial and environmental antigens. Maternal milk components may play a role in regulation of mucosal immune activity to luminal antigens. In this study we determine the ontogeny of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-producing cells in the rat pup small intestine and assess maternal milk concentrations of TGF-beta. Intestinal tissue samples of duodenum and ileum were collected, processed, and stained for TGF-beta1, and in situ hybridization for TGF-beta1 mRNA was also performed on the duodenum. TGF-beta levels in milk were assayed by ELISA. TGF-beta2 levels in milk were high at d 6, and declined thereafter at d 10 and 19. TGF-beta1 was not detected. In contrast, the cell number and intensity of staining of TGF-beta1 peptide in the small intestine was low in 3- and 10-d-old rats and increased markedly by 19 d of life. In the duodenum mRNA levels mirrored this trend. TGF-beta1 expression in the lamina propria was absent before d 19, and increased progressively over time. Maternal milk TGF-beta2 levels are high in early milk and decrease during the weaning period. In contrast, endogenous TGF-beta production in the small intestine increases during the weaning period.
dc.identifier.citationPediatric Research, 1998; 44(4):524-531
dc.identifier.doi10.1203/00006450-199810000-00010
dc.identifier.issn0031-3998
dc.identifier.issn1530-0447
dc.identifier.orcidXian, C. [0000-0002-8467-2845]
dc.identifier.orcidCummins, A. [0000-0003-3115-9498]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/9125
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherNature Publishing Group
dc.rightsCopyright status unknown
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199810000-00010
dc.subjectIntestinal Mucosa
dc.subjectDuodenum
dc.subjectIleum
dc.subjectMilk
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectRats
dc.subjectRats, Wistar
dc.subjectTransforming Growth Factor beta
dc.subjectRNA, Messenger
dc.subjectImmunohistochemistry
dc.subjectIn Situ Hybridization
dc.subjectTranscription, Genetic
dc.subjectGene Expression Regulation, Developmental
dc.subjectAging
dc.subjectPostpartum Period
dc.subjectFemale
dc.titleTransforming growth factor-β levels in maternal milk and expression in postnatal rat duodenum and ileum
dc.title.alternativeTransforming growth factor-beta levels in maternal milk and expression in postnatal rat duodenum and ileum
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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