The effect of inlet flow profile and nozzle diameter on drug delivery to the maxillary sinus

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dc.contributor.authorPourmehran, O.
dc.contributor.authorCazzolato, B.
dc.contributor.authorTian, Z.
dc.contributor.authorArjomandi, M.
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractIn this paper, the effect of the turbulence and swirling of the inlet flow and the diameter of the nozzle on the flow characteristics and the particles' transport/deposition patterns in a realistic combination of the nasal cavity (NC) and the maxillary sinus (MS) were examined. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed in ANSYS® Fluent using a hybrid Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes-large-eddy simulation algorithm. For the validation of the CFD model, the pressure distribution in the NC was compared with the experimental data available in the literature. An Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was employed for the prediction of the particle trajectories using a discrete phase model. Different inlet flow conditions were investigated, with turbulence intensities of 0.15 and 0.3, and swirl numbers of 0.6 and 0.9 applied to the inlet flow at a flow rate of 7 L/min. Monodispersed particles with a diameter of 5 µm were released into the nostril for various nozzle diameters. The results demonstrate that the nasal valve plays a key role in nasal resistance, which damps the turbulence and swirl intensities of the inlet flow. Moreover, it was found that the effect of turbulence at the inlet of the NC on drug delivery to the MS is negligible. It was also demonstrated that increasing the flow swirl at the inlet and decreasing the nozzle diameter improves the total particle deposition more than threefold due to the generation of the centrifugal force, which acts on the particles in the nostril and vestibule. The results also suggest that the drug delivery efficiency to the MS can be increased by using a swirling flow with a moderate swirl number of 0.6. It was found that decreasing the nozzle diameter can increase drug delivery to the proximity of the ostium in the middle meatus by more than 45%, which subsequently increases the drug delivery to the MS. The results can help engineers design a nebulizer to improve the efficiency of drug delivery to the maxillary sinuses.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityOveis Pourmehran, Benjamin Cazzolato, Zhao Tian, Maziar Arjomandi
dc.identifier.citationBiomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 2022; 21(3):849-870
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10237-022-01563-8
dc.identifier.issn1617-7940
dc.identifier.issn1617-7940
dc.identifier.orcidPourmehran, O. [0000-0002-9564-2772]
dc.identifier.orcidCazzolato, B. [0000-0003-2308-799X]
dc.identifier.orcidTian, Z. [0000-0001-9847-6004]
dc.identifier.orcidArjomandi, M. [0000-0002-7669-2221]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/140326
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2022. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-022-01563-8
dc.subjectCFD simulation
dc.subjectMaxillary sinus
dc.subjectTargeted drug delivery
dc.subject.meshMaxillary Sinus
dc.subject.meshDrug Delivery Systems
dc.subject.meshComputer Simulation
dc.subject.meshHydrodynamics
dc.subject.meshBays
dc.titleThe effect of inlet flow profile and nozzle diameter on drug delivery to the maxillary sinus
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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