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Monitoring the use of novel psychoactive substances in Australia by wastewater-based epidemiology

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dc.contributor.authorJaunay, E.L.
dc.contributor.authorBade, R.
dc.contributor.authorPaxton, K.R.
dc.contributor.authorNadarajan, D.
dc.contributor.authorBarry, D.C.
dc.contributor.authorZhai, Y.
dc.contributor.authorTscharke, B.J.
dc.contributor.authorO'Brien, J.W.
dc.contributor.authorMueller, J.
dc.contributor.authorWhite, J.M.
dc.contributor.authorSimpson, B.S.
dc.contributor.authorGerber, C.
dc.date.issued2024
dc.descriptionData source: Supplementary data, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170473
dc.description.abstractUsers of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are at risk, due to limited information about the toxicity and unpredictable effects of these compounds. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been used as a tool to provide insight into NPS use at the population level. To understand the preferences and trends of NPS use in Australia, this study involved liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of wastewater collected from Australian states and territories from February 2022 to February 2023. In total, 59 different NPS were included across two complementary analytical methods and covered up to 57 wastewater catchments over the study. The NPS detected in wastewater were 25-B-NBOMe, buphedrone, 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP), 3-chloromethcathinone, N,N-dimethylpentylone (N,N-DMP), N-ethylheptedrone, N-ethylpentylone, eutylone, 4F-phenibut, 2-fluoro deschloroketamine, hydroxetamine, mephedrone, methoxetamine, methylone, mitragynine, pentylone, phenibut, para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) and valeryl fentanyl. The detection frequency for these NPS ranged from 3 % to 100 % of the sites analysed. A noticeable decreasing trend in eutylone detection frequency and mass loads was observed whilst simultaneously N,N-DMP and pentylone increased over the study period. The emergence of some NPS in wastewater pre-dates other sources of monitoring and provides further evidence that WBE can be used as an additional early warning system for alerting potential NPS use.
dc.identifier.citationScience of the Total Environment, 2024; 919(170473)
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170473
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.issn1879-1026
dc.identifier.orcidPaxton, K.R. [0009-0004-4840-2540]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11541.2/37936
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherELSEVIER
dc.relation.fundingAustralian Criminal Intelligence Commission
dc.relation.fundingSA Health (Drug and Alcohol Services of South Australia)
dc.relation.fundingARC DE220100381 Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Award
dc.relation.fundingARC FL200100028 Australian Research Council Australian Laureate Fellowship
dc.relation.fundingNHMRC 2009209
dc.rightsCopyright 2024 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170473
dc.subjectAmphetamines
dc.subjectgamma-Aminobutyric Acid
dc.subjectPsychotropic Drugs
dc.subjectAustralia
dc.subjectWastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring
dc.subjectIllicit Drugs
dc.subjectWastewater
dc.titleMonitoring the use of novel psychoactive substances in Australia by wastewater-based epidemiology
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished
ror.fileinfo12283080340001831 13283090330001831 Open Access Published Version
ror.mmsid9916835324101831

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