Potentially lethal complications of tracheostomy: autopsy considerations

dc.contributor.authorByard, R.
dc.contributor.authorGilbert, J.
dc.date.issued2011
dc.description.abstractTracheostomy is widely used to facilitate respiration by protecting the airways. It may be performed to relieve upper airway obstruction from congenital stenoses or from acquired conditions such as foreign body impaction, swelling from neck trauma or anaphylaxis, benign or malignant tumors, and infection. Tracheostomy may also be performed in individuals with respiratory impairment who require suctioning for accumulated mucoid secretions and in those with obstructive sleep apnea. Review of autopsy files and the literature was undertaken to demonstrate the range of lethal circumstances that may involve tracheostomy. Unexpected death may result from incorrect positioning of an endotracheal tube with failure of oxygenation, tracheal perforation with pneumothorax, mucus plugging, accidental extubation, and hemorrhage from tracheovascular fistulas. Lethal tracheovascular fistulas usually involve the innominate artery and result from mural perforation by the tip of a tracheostomy tube, mural necrosis from a high-pressure cuff, prolonged intubation, radiotherapy, and low tracheal incisions. Increased movement of tubes in patients with impaired consciousness and excessive head movements may also increase the chances of hemorrhage, as may infiltrating tumors. Given the wide range of potential fatal mechanisms that may be found in such cases, careful autopsy evaluation and dissection will be required to demonstrate the exact nature and site of the lethal lesion in individuals who underwent tracheostomy and die unexpectedly.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityRoger W. Byard and John D. Gilbert
dc.identifier.citationAmerican Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 2011; 32(4):352-354
dc.identifier.doi10.1097/PAF.0b013e31822abf4e
dc.identifier.issn0195-7910
dc.identifier.issn1533-404X
dc.identifier.orcidByard, R. [0000-0002-0524-5942]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/72305
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherLippincott Williams & Wilkins
dc.rights© 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1097/paf.0b013e31822abf4e
dc.subjecttracheostomy
dc.subjectdeath
dc.subjectforensic
dc.subjecthemorrhage
dc.subjectobstruction
dc.titlePotentially lethal complications of tracheostomy: autopsy considerations
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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