HCV reinfection incidence among individuals treated for recent infection

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dc.contributor.authorMartinello, M.
dc.contributor.authorGrebely, J.
dc.contributor.authorPetoumenos, K.
dc.contributor.authorGane, E.
dc.contributor.authorHellard, M.
dc.contributor.authorShaw, D.
dc.contributor.authorSasadeusz, J.
dc.contributor.authorApplegate, T.L.
dc.contributor.authorDore, G.J.
dc.contributor.authorMatthews, G.V.
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractOne challenge to HCV elimination through therapeutic intervention is reinfection. The aim of this analysis was to calculate the incidence of HCV reinfection among both HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals treated for recent HCV infection (estimated infection duration <18 months). Individuals with recent HCV infection who achieved an end-of-treatment response in four open-label studies between 2004 and 2015 in Australia and New Zealand were assessed for HCV reinfection, confirmed by sequencing of the Core-E2 and/or NS5B regions. Reinfection incidence was calculated using person-time of observation. Exact Poisson regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with HCV reinfection. The cohort at risk for reinfection (n=120; 83% male; median age 36 years) was composed of HIV-positive men-who-have-sex-with-men (53%) and people who inject drugs (current 49%, ever 69%). Total follow-up time at risk was 135 person-years (median 1.08 years, range 0.17, 2.53). Ten cases of HCV reinfection were identified, for an incidence of 7.4 per 100 py (95% CI 4.0, 13.8). Reinfection incidence was significantly higher among participants who reported injection drug use at end of or post-treatment, irrespective of HIV status (15.5 per 100 py, 95% CI 7.8, 31.1). In adjusted analysis, factors associated with reinfection were older age (aIRR 5.3, 95% CI 1.15, 51.5, P=.042) and injection drug use at end of or post-treatment (aIRR 7.9, 95% CI 1.6, 77.2, P=.008). High reinfection incidence following treatment for recent HCV infection in individuals with ongoing risk behaviour emphasizes the need for post-treatment surveillance, harm reduction strategies and education in at-risk populations.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityM. Martinello, J. Grebely, K. Petoumenos, E. Gane, M. Hellard, D. Shaw ... et al.
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Viral Hepatitis, 2017; 24(5):359-370
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/jvh.12666
dc.identifier.issn1352-0504
dc.identifier.issn1365-2893
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/133286
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley Online Library
dc.relation.grantNHMRC
dc.rights© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.12666
dc.subjectAcute; hepatitis; C infecfection, HIV, recent, reinfecfeon, treatment
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshHepacivirus
dc.subject.meshHepatitis C
dc.subject.meshRecurrence
dc.subject.meshViral Proteins
dc.subject.meshAnti-Retroviral Agents
dc.subject.meshIncidence
dc.subject.meshRisk Factors
dc.subject.meshFollow-Up Studies
dc.subject.meshSequence Analysis, DNA
dc.subject.meshRisk-Taking
dc.subject.meshPhylogeny
dc.subject.meshGenotype
dc.subject.meshAdult
dc.subject.meshMiddle Aged
dc.subject.meshAustralia
dc.subject.meshNew Zealand
dc.subject.meshFemale
dc.subject.meshMale
dc.subject.meshGenotyping Techniques
dc.titleHCV reinfection incidence among individuals treated for recent infection
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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