Fate of radiolabeled Cāā fullerenes in aged soils
Date
2017
Authors
Navarro, D.
Kookana, R.
McLaughlin, M.
Kirby, J.
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Journal article
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Environmental Pollution, 2017; 221:293-300
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Divina A. Navarro, Rai S. Kookana, Mike J. McLaughlin, Jason K. Kirby
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Abstract
Fullerenes (e.g. Cāā, Cāā, etc.) present in soil may undergo changes in its retention with aging. In this study, the partitioning behavior of (Ā¹ā“C)-Cāā aged up to 12 weeks was investigated in biosolids-amended soil. Spiked samples were subjected to sequential partitioning using water, methanol, and toluene followed by total combustion of solids; the distribution of Ā¹ā“C across solvents and matrices were used to provide insights on Cāā behavior. In most samples, Ā¹ā“C only partitioned in toluene with the remaining (non-extractable) activity detected in the solid phase. In all biosolids-amended soil samples, an increase in non-extractable Ā¹ā“C were observed for those exposed to light (vs dark) with the greatest difference observed in biosolids + sand samples. Possible processes that contribute to the observed Ā¹ā“C distribution, i.e. retention and potential transformation of Cāā, were discussed. Over-all, results suggest that environmental exposure to Cāā and potentially transformed Cāā species, as a result of their release from soils, is likely to be low.
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Crown Copyright Ā© 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.