Zinc oxide nanoparticle removal from wounded human skin
Date
2013
Authors
Raphael, A.P.
Sundh, D.
Grice, J.E.
Roberts, M.S.
Soyer, H.P.
Prow, T.W.
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Journal article
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Nanomedicine, 2013; 8(11):1751-1761
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Abstract
Aim: Nanoparticle removal from skin is relevant given the concern over topical nanoparticle toxicity. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are commonly used in sunscreens and their use is currently debated. This study explores the penetration and removal of ZnO-NPs from injured skin. Materials & methods: Ex vivo/in vivo human skin was tape-stripped and/or microneedled followed by ZnO-NP application. After 2 h, treated skin was washed three-times using soapy water. Multiphoton tomography assessed the ZnO-NP signal before and after washing. Results: Washing once removed over 85 and 83% of ZnO-NP signal from ex vivo intact and tape-stripped skin, respectively (p < 0.05) but only 28% (p = 0.5) was removed from puncture sites. A similar trend was found in vivo with removal of 85 and 93% of ZnO-NP signal from intact and tape‑stripped skin, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Washing is effective for the removal of ZnO-NPs from superficial layers of intact and tape-stripped skin, but not from puncture wounds.
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Copyright 2013 Future Medicine