Design, upgrade and characterization of the silicon photomultiplier front-end for the AMIGA detector at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Date
2021
Authors
Aab, A.
Abreu, P.
Aglietta, M.
Albury, J.M.
Allekotte, I.
Almela, A.
Alvarez-Muñiz, J.
Alves Batista, R.
Anastasi, G.A.
Anchordoqui, L.
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Journal article
Citation
Journal of Instrumentation, 2021; 16(1):P01026-1-P01026-38
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A. Aab, P. Abreu ... Bruce Dawson ... Justin Thomas-Albury ... Bradley Manning ... Roger Clay ... et al.
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Abstract
AMIGA(Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground Array) is an upgrade of the PierreAuger Observatory to complement the study of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) by measuring the muon content of extensive air showers (EAS). It consists of an array of 61 water Cherenkov detectors on a denser spacing in combination with underground scintillation detectors used for muon density measurement. Each detector is composed of three scintillation modules, with 10m2 detection area per module, buried at 2.3m depth, resulting in a total detection area of 30m2. Silicon photomultiplier sensors (SiPM) measure the amount of scintillation light generated by charged particles traversing the modules. In this paper, the design of the front-end electronics to process the signals of those SiPMs and test results from the laboratory and from the Pierre Auger Observatory are described. Compared to our previous prototype, the newelectronics shows a higher performance, higher efficiency and lower power consumption, and it has a new acquisition system with increased dynamic range that allows measurements closer to the shower core. The new acquisition system is based on the measurement of the total charge signal that the muonic component of the cosmic ray shower generates in the detector.
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© 2021 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of Sissa Medialab. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.