Mobile phone-based electrochemiluminescence sensing exploiting the 'USB On-The-Go' protocol
Date
2015
Authors
Doeven, E.H.
Barbante, G.J.
Harsant, A.J.
Donnelly, P.S.
Connell, T.U.
Hogan, C.F.
Francis, P.S.
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Journal article
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Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 2015; 216:608-613
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Abstract
A low-cost system to generate, control and detect electrochemiluminescence using a mobile smartphone is described. A simple tone-detection integrated circuit is used to switch power sourced from the phone's Universal Serial Bus (USB) 'On-The-Go' (OTG) port, using audible tone pulses played over the device's audio jack. We have successfully applied this approach to smartphones from different manufacturers and with different operating system versions. ECL calibrations of a common luminophore, tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) ([Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺), with 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol (DBAE) as a co-reactant, showed no significant difference in light intensities when an electrochemical cell was controlled by a mobile phone in this manner, compared to the same calibration generated using a conventional potentiostat. Combining this novel approach to control the applied potential with the measurement of the emitted light through the smart phone camera (using an in-house built Android app), we explored the ECL properties of a water-soluble iridium(III) complex that emits in the blue region of the spectrum. The iridium(III) complex exhibited superior co-reactant ECL intensities and limits of detection to that of the conventional [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ luminophore.
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Copyright 2015 Elsevier