Influenza A virus causes maternal and fetal pathology via innate and adaptive vascular inflammation in mice

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dc.contributor.authorLiong, S.
dc.contributor.authorOseghale, O.
dc.contributor.authorTo, E.E.
dc.contributor.authorBrassington, K.
dc.contributor.authorErlich, J.R.
dc.contributor.authorLuong, R.
dc.contributor.authorLiong, F.
dc.contributor.authorBrooks, R.
dc.contributor.authorMartin, C.
dc.contributor.authorO'Toole, S.
dc.contributor.authorVinh, A.
dc.contributor.authorO'Neill, L.A.J.
dc.contributor.authorBozinovski, S.
dc.contributor.authorVlahos, R.
dc.contributor.authorPapagianis, P.C.
dc.contributor.authorO'Leary, J.J.
dc.contributor.authorBrooks, D.A.
dc.contributor.authorSelemidis, S.
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractInfluenza A virus (IAV) infection during pregnancy causes severe maternal and perinatal complications, despite a lack of vertical transmission of IAV across the placenta. Here, we demonstrate a significant alteration in the maternal vascular landscape that underpins the maternal and downstream fetal pathology to IAV infection in mice. In IAV infection of nonpregnant mice, the local lung inflammatory response was contained to the lungs and was self-resolving, whereas in pregnant mice, virus dissemination to major maternal blood vessels, including the aorta, resulted in a peripheral "vascular storm," with elevated proinflammatory and antiviral mediators and the influx of Ly6Clow and Ly6Chigh monocytes, plus neutrophils and T cells. This vascular storm was associated with elevated levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM and VCAM and the pattern-recognition receptors TLR7 and TLR9 in the vascular wall, resulting in profound vascular dysfunction. The sequalae of this IAV-driven vascular storm included placental growth retardation and intrauterine growth restriction, evidence of placental and fetal brain hypoxia, and increased circulating cell free fetal DNA and soluble Flt1. In contrast, IAV infection in nonpregnant mice caused no obvious alterations in endothelial function or vascular inflammation. Therefore, IAV infection during pregnancy drives a significant systemic vascular alteration in pregnant dams, which likely suppresses critical blood flow to the placenta and fetus. This study in mice provides a fundamental mechanistic insight and a paradigm into how an immune response to a respiratory virus, such as IAV, is likely to specifically drive maternal and fetal pathologies during pregnancy.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityStella Liong, Osezua Oseghale, Eunice E. To, Kurt Brassington, Jonathan R. Erlich, Raymond Luong ... et al.
dc.identifier.citationProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020; 117(40):24964-24973
dc.identifier.doi10.1073/pnas.2006905117
dc.identifier.issn0027-8424
dc.identifier.issn1091-6490
dc.identifier.orcidBrooks, D.A. [0000-0001-9098-3626]
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2440/131863
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherNational Academy of Sciences
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FT120100876
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1122506
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1128276
dc.rightsThis open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006905117
dc.subjectinflammation
dc.subjectinfluenza
dc.subjectpregnancy
dc.titleInfluenza A virus causes maternal and fetal pathology via innate and adaptive vascular inflammation in mice
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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