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Wastewater-based monitoring of the nitazene analogues: First detection of protonitazene in wastewater

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dc.contributor.authorBade, R.
dc.contributor.authorNadarajan, D.
dc.contributor.authorDriver, E.M.
dc.contributor.authorHalden, R.U.
dc.contributor.authorGerber, C.
dc.contributor.authorKrotulski, A.
dc.contributor.authorHall, W.
dc.contributor.authorMueller, J.M.
dc.date.issued2024
dc.descriptionData source: Supplementary data, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170781
dc.description.abstractSynthetic opioids, particularly the nitazene analogues class, have become a public health concern due to their high potency. Wastewater-based epidemiology can detect community use of these compounds. The objective of this work was to detect nitazene analogues in wastewater from samples collected from eight sites in the United States. Influent wastewater samples were collected from eight sites in seven states (Arizona, Oregon, New Mexico, Illinois, New Jersey, Washington and Georgia) in the United States. Samples were collected from each site on three days between 27 December 2022 and 4 January 2023, acidified on collection, stored frozen and shipped to Arizona State University (Tempe, AZ) for sample processing. Samples were then shipped to The University of Queensland (Brisbane, Australia) for sample analysis. Protonitazene was found in samples collected from two sites in Washington and Illinois. The concentration was estimated up to 0.5 ng/L, with estimated excreted mass loads up to 0.3 mg/day/1000 people. This work has shown that it is possible to detect nitazene analogues in wastewater using a combination of sample pre-concentration and sensitive instrumentation, thereby further expanding the utility of wastewater-based epidemiology.
dc.identifier.citationScience of the Total Environment, 2024; 920(170781):1-4
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170781
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.issn1879-1026
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11541.2/38007
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier BV
dc.relation.fundingARC DE220100381
dc.relation.fundingARC FL200100028
dc.rightsCopyright 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170781
dc.subjectillicit drugs
dc.subjectnew psychoactive substances
dc.subjectopioids
dc.subjectwastewater analysis
dc.subjectwastewater-based epidemiology
dc.titleWastewater-based monitoring of the nitazene analogues: First detection of protonitazene in wastewater
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished
ror.fileinfo12283499720001831 13283499710001831 Open Access Published Version
ror.mmsid9916835329001831

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