Vitamin D activity and metabolism in bone
Date
2017
Authors
Anderson, P.H.
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Journal article
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Current Osteoporosis Reports, 2017; 15(5):443-449
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Abstract
Purpose of Review: In addition to the actions of the endocrine hormone, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D) in stimulating intestinal calcium absorption, the regulation of bone mineral metabolism by 1,25(OH) 2 D is also considered an important contributor to calcium homeostasis. However, recent evidence suggest that 1,25(OH) 2 D acting either via endocrine or autocrine pathways plays varied roles in bone, which suggests that vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of bone mineral in addition to its catabolic roles. This review highlights the contrasting evidence for the direct action for vitamin D metabolism and activity in bone.
Recent Findings: Numerous cells within bone express vitamin D receptor (VDR), synthesise and catabolise 1,25(OH) 2 D via 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) enzymes, respectively. Recent evidence suggests that all three genes are required to regulate processes of bone resorption, mineralization and fracture repair.
Summary: The actions of vitamin D in bone appear to negatively or positively regulate bone mineral depending on the physiological and pathological circumstances, suggesting that vitamin D plays pleiotropic roles in bone.
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Copyright 2017 Springer Science+Business Media